Fine motor (week 4)

Question 1

The function of the hand: Prehensile

Answer 1

(grasp/capture)

• Shape itself around objects
• Shape itself on top of surfaces
• Accommodation (Erhardt)

Question 2

Function of hand: Non-prehensile

Answer 2

Pushing, lifting with whole hand

Question 3

Function of hand: Perceptual

Answer 3

Haptic sense
Active touch
Stereognosis

Question 4

Motor requirements for hand function

Answer 4

• Dynamic palmar arches
• Combined movements of wrist and forearm
• Reach
• Weight bearing and proximal stability

Question 5

Motor tracks: Brainstem

Answer 5

posture and proximal control

Question 6

Motor tracks: reticulospinal tract

Answer 6

Pontine, reticulospinal connections. Exert generalized inhibition of muscles in body.

Question 7

Motor tracks: Vestibulospinal tract

Answer 7

Muscle tone, postural control, adjustment, stability and balance, extensors

Question 8

Motor tracks: Rubrospinal tract

Answer 8

(Red nucleus)

-Spinal flexors

Question 9

Motor tracks list

Answer 9

Brainstem, reticulospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract, rubrospinal tract

Question 10

Cortex

Answer 10

Related to precision, speed, and isolated distal movements (Corticospinal/pyramidal)

Question 11

Sensory tract: Dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML)

Answer 11

Touch, vibration, 2-point discrimination and proprioception

Question 12

Sensory tract: Anterolateral/Spinothalamic tract

Answer 12

Pain and temperature

Question 13

Bones in hand

Answer 13

27

Question 14

Extrinsic muscle feature

Answer 14

Muscle bellies are in forearm

Question 15

Intrinsic muscle features

Answer 15

Distal to wrist joint, originate in hand, form arches of hand

Question 16

Palmar arches types

Answer 16

Transverse
Longitudinal (proximal and distal)
Oblique

Question 17

Grasp types with no thumb opposition

Answer 17

Hook
Power/palmar
Lateral pinch

Question 18

Grasp type with thumb opposition

Answer 18

Fine pincer/tip pincer
Pincer 
Tripod
Cylindrical
Spherical

Question 19

Development of grasp

Answer 19

Grasp of dowel
Grasp of cube
Grasp of pellet

Question 20

Development of release

Answer 20

Release of dowel or cube

Release of pellet

Question 21

In-hand manipulation definition

Answer 21

The process of using one hand to adjust an object for more effective object placement in that hand prior to release

Question 22

In-hand manipulation categories

Answer 22

Translation
Shift
Rotation

Question 23

Translation in-hand manipulation

Answer 23

Finger to palm

Palm to finger

Question 24

Shift in–hand manipulation

Answer 24

Occurs at the fingers and thumb pads with alternation of thumb and finger movements

Question 25

Rotation in-hand manipulation

Answer 25

Simple rotation

Complex rotation

Question 26

In-hand manipulation begins when?

Answer 26

Around 18 months

Question 27

In-hand manipulation fully developed?

Answer 27

by 7 years

Question 28

When do the greatest number of manipulation skills emerge?

Answer 28

Between 2 and 2.5 years old

Question 29

Treatment NDT three steps

Answer 29

Inhibit (spasticity and primitive reflexes)
Facilitate (Normal movement patterns, postural alignment)
Sensory input (Deep pressure. Weight bearing)

Question 30

Development of scissor use

Answer 30

1. Shows interest
2. Learns to hold open and close.
3. Single snips at edge of paper
4. Snips with forward motion (may not have force modulatioN)
5. Lines, simple shapes
   (2. 5-3 years)

Question 31

Hand development in down syndrome

Answer 31

Hands 10-30% shorter
Only 23 bones
Bones slender and short and have poor calcification
Middle phalanx of 5the digit is small or absent (curved inward)
Crease 2 and 3 merged as one
Weak intrinsic muscles.

Question 32

Hand development in CP

Answer 32

Spasticity: prolonged grasp reflexes, fisted hands, abnormal flexor pattern.
Flaccidity: Weak extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

Question 33

Joint protection strategies

Answer 33

Scar management
Edema
ROM