Fine Motor

Question 1

Development of hand function

Answer 1

• neural growth
• sensory development
• neuromuscular control
• muscle strength + joint range
• experience and practice

Question 2

Newborn

Answer 2

Reflex grasp

Question 3

10-12 wks

Answer 3

Tactile grasp

Question 4

3 months

Answer 4

Plucking/clutching

-Stim= contact with clothing/fabric, later/ulnar 3 fingers, clutch with palm and fingers

Question 5

4 months

Answer 5

Maintains grasp on toy
-Stim= reaches for toy

Palmar grasp= seeks and grasps objects

Question 6

6 months

Answer 6

Hands to feet

Palmar approach

Question 7

7 months

Answer 7

Radial palmar/gross pincer

-use base of thumb (radial) side of hand and all fingers to grab objects into the palm

Question 8

8 months

Answer 8

Raking grasp

Radial digital grasp= hold with tips of thumbs =, index + middle finger ‘immature tripod’

Question 9

6-9 months

Answer 9

Take from transfer

Awareness of 2 sides= drops 1 object when offered another, hod 2 objects simultaneously, bangs 2 objects together

Question 10

9-10 months

Answer 10

fine pincer grip

-distal end of thumb to lateral border of index

Question 11

10 months

Answer 11

Pincer grip

• thumb-finger grasp= required opposition
• inferior pincer graso= pads of fingers
• pincer grasp= tips of fingers

Index pointing
= index into holes in toys, important sensory fingers

Give but no release

Question 12

11 months

Answer 12

Clapping

Question 13

12 months

Answer 13

Posting

Question 14

15 months

Answer 14

Placing of object
18m= 3-4 cubes
2y= 6 cubes
3y= 9 cubes

Question 15

12-15 months

Answer 15

Palmar supinate grasp

-use whole arm to colour

Question 16

18 months

Answer 16

Intrinsic muscles

• MCP fl and IP extension
• Good opposition and index pointing

Question 17

2y

Answer 17

Forearm rotation= pronation and supination (page turning), supination to pronation (better posting)

Screw/unscrew

Opposition of thumb

Question 18

2-3y

Answer 18

Digital pronate grasp

-Fingers pointed down towards bottom of pencil, use all fingers along with whole arm mvmt

Question 19

3-4y

Answer 19

Static tripod/quadruped

-use whole pads of fingers on writing utensils, whole arm movement, still wrist

Question 20

5y

Answer 20

Dynamic tripod
-ulnar border support, wrist in ext + moving during writing, pencil on middle finger + thumb for stability, index for pencil control

Question 21

Why would we adjust hand positioning

Answer 21

• Pain
• Legibility
• Speed

Question 22

Test drawing/writing

Answer 22

circle
zig zag
loop the loop
vertical and horizontal lines

Question 23

Catching milestones

Answer 23

3y= catch against body
4y= catch in elbows, elbows flex and arms supinated 
5y= 20cm ball in hands
6y= will move body to catch ball; tennis ball cup catch
7y= tennis ball spider catch, pat bounce, pluck ball from air
8y= advanced skills

Question 24

Throwing

Answer 24

2y= forearm ext only
3y= throw ball overhead
5y= immature underarm patterns
6y= throw tennis ball w/trunk rot and weight shift
7-8y= early sports, sprot specific throwing skills

Question 25

Obs UL assessment

Answer 25

• choose hand when closer
• stabilises by weight/support
• reaches
• moves upper arm
• move forearm
• Grasps
• Holds,
• Stabilise grip
• Readjusts grip
• varies type of grip
• release + puts down
• moves fingers
• calibrate
• manipulates
• co-ordinated
• orients objects
• proceeds/speed

Question 26

Milestones for manipulation

Answer 26

8m= grasp dangling objects
12m= index pointing 
18m= develops sup/pro, page turning, posting, build 3 cube tower
2y= build 6 tower, can thread 4 beads with large holes
3y= >6 cube tower, thread 6 beads with large holes
4y= thread 5 beads in 30-50s, 
6y= threads 8 beads in 30-50s, can push toothpick into styrofoam, cut circle