Fine Motor Flashcards
Development of hand function
- neural growth
- sensory development
- neuromuscular control
- muscle strength + joint range
- experience and practice
Newborn
Reflex grasp
10-12 wks
Tactile grasp
3 months
Plucking/clutching
-Stim= contact with clothing/fabric, later/ulnar 3 fingers, clutch with palm and fingers
4 months
Maintains grasp on toy
-Stim= reaches for toy
Palmar grasp= seeks and grasps objects
6 months
Hands to feet
Palmar approach
7 months
Radial palmar/gross pincer
-use base of thumb (radial) side of hand and all fingers to grab objects into the palm
8 months
Raking grasp
Radial digital grasp= hold with tips of thumbs =, index + middle finger ‘immature tripod’
6-9 months
Take from transfer
Awareness of 2 sides= drops 1 object when offered another, hod 2 objects simultaneously, bangs 2 objects together
9-10 months
fine pincer grip
-distal end of thumb to lateral border of index
10 months
Pincer grip
- thumb-finger grasp= required opposition
- inferior pincer graso= pads of fingers
- pincer grasp= tips of fingers
Index pointing
= index into holes in toys, important sensory fingers
Give but no release
11 months
Clapping
12 months
Posting
15 months
Placing of object
18m= 3-4 cubes
2y= 6 cubes
3y= 9 cubes
12-15 months
Palmar supinate grasp
-use whole arm to colour
18 months
Intrinsic muscles
- MCP fl and IP extension
- Good opposition and index pointing
2y
Forearm rotation= pronation and supination (page turning), supination to pronation (better posting)
Screw/unscrew
Opposition of thumb
2-3y
Digital pronate grasp
-Fingers pointed down towards bottom of pencil, use all fingers along with whole arm mvmt
3-4y
Static tripod/quadruped
-use whole pads of fingers on writing utensils, whole arm movement, still wrist
5y
Dynamic tripod
-ulnar border support, wrist in ext + moving during writing, pencil on middle finger + thumb for stability, index for pencil control
Why would we adjust hand positioning
- Pain
- Legibility
- Speed
Test drawing/writing
circle
zig zag
loop the loop
vertical and horizontal lines
Catching milestones
3y= catch against body 4y= catch in elbows, elbows flex and arms supinated 5y= 20cm ball in hands 6y= will move body to catch ball; tennis ball cup catch 7y= tennis ball spider catch, pat bounce, pluck ball from air 8y= advanced skills
Throwing
2y= forearm ext only 3y= throw ball overhead 5y= immature underarm patterns 6y= throw tennis ball w/trunk rot and weight shift 7-8y= early sports, sprot specific throwing skills
Obs UL assessment
- choose hand when closer
- stabilises by weight/support
- reaches
- moves upper arm
- move forearm
- Grasps
- Holds,
- Stabilise grip
- Readjusts grip
- varies type of grip
- release + puts down
- moves fingers
- calibrate
- manipulates
- co-ordinated
- orients objects
- proceeds/speed
Milestones for manipulation
8m= grasp dangling objects 12m= index pointing 18m= develops sup/pro, page turning, posting, build 3 cube tower 2y= build 6 tower, can thread 4 beads with large holes 3y= >6 cube tower, thread 6 beads with large holes 4y= thread 5 beads in 30-50s, 6y= threads 8 beads in 30-50s, can push toothpick into styrofoam, cut circle
