Finance Flashcards

1
Q

What are fixed costs?

A

Costs that do not vary with the level of output

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2
Q

What are overheads/indirect costs?

A

Costs that can not be attributed to a particular unit of output

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3
Q

What are direct costs?

A

Costs that are directly attributable to a unit of output

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4
Q

What are variable costs?

A

Costs that change in proportion to the level of good or services a business produces

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5
Q

How can total costs be calculated?

A

Fixed costs + variable costs

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6
Q

What is marginal cost?

A

The cost of producing one extra unit

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7
Q

What is unit cost?

A

Cost of producing one unit

Total costs ÷ output

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8
Q

What are the different types of costing method?

A
Standard costing 
Cost centres 
Profit centres 
Absorption costing 
Contribution or marginal costing
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9
Q

What is contribution?

A

Revenue - variable costs

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10
Q

What is contribution per unit?

A

Price - Variable costs per unit

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11
Q

What is profit in relation to contribution?

A

Total contribution - fixed costs

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12
Q

What are the three ways to find the break even level?

A

Using a chart
Calculating
Using a graph

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13
Q

How can you calculate break even?

A

Break even = Fixed costs ÷ contribution per unit

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14
Q

What is break even?

A

The point when total revenue = total costs , this is when all costs have been covered

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15
Q

What is total revenue?

A

Price x sales/output

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16
Q

What is the margin of safety?

A

The difference between the actual level of output and the break even level
(This will be a number of units not a monetary value)

17
Q

Calculating ARR (average/accounting/annual rate of return)

A

1) find total cash inflows
2) subtract cost of investment from total inflows
3) work out average annual profit
4) work out the return on investment as a percentage
(Average annual profit ÷ cost of investment)

18
Q

What is gross profit?

A

Revenue - cost of sales

19
Q

What is operating profit?

A

Gross profit - expenses

20
Q

What are the cost of sales?

A

The direct costs of producing the good

21
Q

What is profit for the year also known as?

A

Retained profit

Calculated by net profit - tax and dividends

22
Q

What is an asset?

A

What a business owns

23
Q

What is a liability?

A

What the business owes

24
Q

What is liquidity?

A

The ability to convert assets into cash

25
Q

What are the three types of current asset?

A

Cash (cash in hand, cash in bank)
Debtors
Stock

26
Q

The types of stock

A

Raw materials
Unfinished goods
Finished goods

27
Q

Calculate working capital

A

Current assets - current liabilities

28
Q

Calculating standard deviation

A

1) find mean value of results
2) record deviation (variance) of each result from mean
3) square all deviations to ensure positive
4) find sum of squared deviations and ÷ by number of units of data
5) square root the answer and you have your standard deviation