Finalsss Flashcards
Refers to the class of organic compounds that contain benzene-like, six-membered rings with 3 double bonds.
AROMATIC
Benzene Molecular Formula
C6H6
Properties of Aromatic
Cyclic-Benzene-like, six-membered rings
electron poor, has a positive charge and electron lovers
ELECTROPHILE
electron rich, has a negative charge
NUCELOPHILE
Compounds containing halogen bonded to a
saturated sp3-hybridized carbon atom
ALKYL HALIDES
Synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols
Preparation of Alkyl Halides
Formation and protonation of Grignard reagents
Reactions of Alkyl halides
Alkyl halides react with Magnesium metal in ether
solvent to yield organomagnesium halides.
Grignard Reagents
The entering nucleophile attacks the substrate from a
direction 180º away from the leaving group, resulting in an
umbrella-like inversion of configuration at the C atom.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
o SN2 reaction
Base abstracts a proton at the same time that the
leaving group departs.
Eliminations
o E2 reaction
the substrates spontaneously dissociates to form a
carbocation, which can subsequently lose H+
from a neighboring carbon
Eliminations
o E1 reaction
: far higher than alkyl halide and alkanes with the same molecular wt.
BP of alcohols
far higher than other aromatic hydrocarbons
o = Because of hydrogen bonding
BP of phenols:
Reduction of Aldehydes to Give
Primary Alcohol
Reduction of Ketones to Give
Secondary Alcohol
Reduction of Esters to Give
Primary Alcohol
Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Give
Primary Alcohol
Dehydration to Give
Alkenes
Oxidation to Give
Carbonyl Compounds
Synthesis of Ethers
o Wiliamson Ether Synthesis
o Epoxides
Reaction of ethers
o Acidic cleavage with HBr or HI
o Epoxides cleavage with aqueous acids
Production of carbonyls
Alcohols > Aldehydes > Carboxylic acids
Alcohols > Ketones
Common oxidizing reagent
- PCC
- CrO3, Na2Cr2O7
