Finalsss

Question 1

Refers to the class of organic compounds that contain benzene-like, six-membered rings with 3 double bonds.

Answer 1

AROMATIC

Question 2

Benzene Molecular Formula

Answer 2

C6H6

Question 3

Properties of Aromatic

Answer 3

Cyclic-Benzene-like, six-membered rings

Question 4

electron poor, has a positive charge and electron lovers

Answer 4

ELECTROPHILE

Question 5

electron rich, has a negative charge

Answer 5

NUCELOPHILE

Question 6

Compounds containing halogen bonded to a
saturated sp3-hybridized carbon atom

Answer 6

ALKYL HALIDES

Question 7

Synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols

Answer 7

Preparation of Alkyl Halides

Question 8

Formation and protonation of Grignard reagents

Answer 8

Reactions of Alkyl halides

Question 9

Alkyl halides react with Magnesium metal in ether
solvent to yield organomagnesium halides.

Answer 9

Grignard Reagents

Question 10

The entering nucleophile attacks the substrate from a
direction 180º away from the leaving group, resulting in an
umbrella-like inversion of configuration at the C atom.

Answer 10

Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
o SN2 reaction

Question 11

 Base abstracts a proton at the same time that the
leaving group departs.

Answer 11

Eliminations
o E2 reaction

Question 12

the substrates spontaneously dissociates to form a
carbocation, which can subsequently lose H+
from a neighboring carbon

Answer 12

Eliminations
o E1 reaction

Question 13

: far higher than alkyl halide and alkanes with the same molecular wt.

Answer 13

BP of alcohols

Question 14

far higher than other aromatic hydrocarbons
o = Because of hydrogen bonding

Answer 14

BP of phenols:

Question 15

Reduction of Aldehydes to Give

Answer 15

Primary Alcohol

Question 16

Reduction of Ketones to Give

Answer 16

Secondary Alcohol

Question 17

Reduction of Esters to Give

Answer 17

Primary Alcohol

Question 18

Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Give

Answer 18

Primary Alcohol

Question 19

Dehydration to Give

Answer 19

Alkenes

Question 20

Oxidation to Give

Answer 20

Carbonyl Compounds

Question 21

Synthesis of Ethers

Answer 21

o Wiliamson Ether Synthesis
o Epoxides

Question 22

Reaction of ethers

Answer 22

o Acidic cleavage with HBr or HI
o Epoxides cleavage with aqueous acids

Question 23

Production of carbonyls

Answer 23

 Alcohols > Aldehydes > Carboxylic acids
 Alcohols > Ketones

Question 24

Common oxidizing reagent

Answer 24

• PCC
• CrO3, Na2Cr2O7

Question 25

PCC

Answer 25

Alcohol to aldehyde

Question 26

CrO3, Na2Cr2O7:

Answer 26

Alcohol to carboxylic acid or Ketone

Question 27

One of the most important reaction in biochemical reaction

Answer 27

Quinone-hydroquinone interconversion

Question 28

Alcohol-like reactions of phenols (Ether synthesis)

Answer 28

Reactions of Phenols

Question 29

same reaction mechanism but dehydration/RX
formation with HX (Not possible)

Answer 29

Ether formation

Question 30

o In most cases, ethers are pretty stable
o But return to alcohol by strong mineral acid (HI and HBr)

Answer 30

Reactions of Ethers

Question 31

 as cyclic ether but much more reactive
 (oxirane) is three membered oxygen heterocycle
 Synthesis: Alkene/Aromatics with Peroxyacid

Answer 31

Epoxides

Question 32

Analogues of alcohol with –SH rather than –OH

Answer 32

Thiols

Question 33

Reducing reagent

Answer 33

• NaBH4
• LiAlH4

Question 34

Reducing catalyst

Answer 34

H+ / H3O+

Question 35

Primary alcohol weak oxidizing reagent

Answer 35

Aldehyde

Question 36

Primary alcohol strong oxidizing reagent

Answer 36

Carboxylic acid

Question 37

Secondary alcohol strong oxidizing reagent

Answer 37

Ketone group

Question 38

Weak oxidizing reagent

Answer 38

PCC: Alcohol to aldehyde

Question 39

Strong oxidizing reagent

Answer 39

Cr3,Na2Cr2O7: Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid or Ketone