Compounds And Bonds Flashcards
is the attractive force that holds two atoms together in a more complex unit
Chemical bond
formed through transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another
Ionic bonds
formed through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms
Covalent bonds
is an electron in the outer-most electron shell of a representative or noble-gas element
Valence electron
-symbol is the chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots equal in number to the number of valence electrons present in atoms of the element
-The general practice in writing these symbols is to place the first four dots separately on the four sides of the chemical symbol and then begin pairing the dots are further dots are added
Lewis Symbols
in forming compounds, atoms of elements lose, gain, or share electrons in such a way as to produce a noble gas electron configuration for each of the atoms involved
Octet rule
are produced as a result of ionic bonding
Ions
is an atom (or group of atoms) that is electrically charged as a result of the loss or gain of electrons
ion
containing one, two, or three valence electrons (metals in Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA) tend to lose electrons to acquire a noble gas electron configuration.
Metal atoms
containing five, six, or seven electrons (Groups VA, VIA, and VIIA) tend to gain electrons to acquire a noble gas electron configuration
2.Non-metal atoms
Elements in? would have to gain or lose four electrons to attain stability, but in most cases the bonding that results is more adequately described by the covalent bond model
Group IVA
is a combination of Lewis symbols that represents either the transfer or sharing of electrons in chemical bonds
Lewis structure
Ionic compounds are always
NEUTRAL
-do not have discreet molecules, only an alternating array of positive and negative ions
-The chemical formulas represent the simplest combining ratio for the ions present
Ionic Compounds
is the smallest whole-number repeating ratio of ions present in an ionic compound that results in charge neutrality
formula unit
is an ionic compound in which one element present is a metal and the other element present is a nonmetal
binary ionic compound
the full name of the metallic element is given first, followed by a separate word containing the stem of the nonmetallic element and the suffix –ide.
NAMING RULE
-You must know which metals exhibit variable ionic charge and which have a fixed ionic charge.
-Metals from the diagram form ionic compounds without roman numerals in their names
Naming Binary Compounds
is an ion formed from a single atom through loss or gain of electrons (Cl-, Na+, Ca2+)
Monoatomic ion
is an ion formed from a group of atoms (held together by covalent bonds) through loss or gain of electrons (SO42-)
polyatomic ion
is a chemical bond resulting from two nuclei attracting the same shared electrons
covalent bond
are pairs of valence electrons that are shared between atoms in a covalent bond.
Bonding electrons
are pairs of valence electrons on an atom that are not involved in electron sharing
Nonbonding electrons
is a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons
single covalent bond
