Atoms and PT

Question 1

is any subatomic particle found in
the nucleus of an atom

Answer 1

nucleon

Question 2

is the number of protons in the
nucleus of an atom

Answer 2

atomic number

Question 3

is the number of protons and the
number of neutrons in the nucleus

Answer 3

Complete chemical symbol notation:

Question 4

is a pure substance in which all atoms present have the same atomic number

Answer 4

element

Question 5

are atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and the same number of electrons but different numbers of neutrons

Answer 5

Isotopes

Question 6

is the calculated average mass for the isotopes of an element, expressed on a scale where 126C serves as the reference point

Answer 6

atomic mass

Question 7

states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar chemical properties occur in periodic (regularly recurring) intervals

Answer 7

periodic law

Question 8

is a tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical properties are positioned in vertical
columns

Answer 8

periodic table

Question 9

is a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Answer 9

period

Question 10

is a vertical column of elements in the periodic table

Answer 10

group

Question 11

is an element that has the characteristic properties of luster, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability

Answer 11

metal

Question 12

is an element characterized by the absence of properties of luster, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and malleability

Answer 12

nonmetal

Question 13

is a region of space about a nucleus that contains electrons that gave approximate the same energy and that spend most of their time approximately the same distance from the nucleus

Answer 13

electron shell

Question 14

is a region of space within an electron shell that contains electrons that have the same energy

Answer 14

electron subshell

Question 15

-Both a number and a letter are used in identifying subshells

-The number gives the shell within which the subshell is located, and the letter gives the type of subshell
-Ex. Shell number 1 has only one subshell, the 1s
-Shell 2 has two subshells, the 2s and 2p
-Shell 3 has three subshells, the 3s, 3p, and 3d

Answer 15

Electron Subshells

Question 16

is a region of space within an electron subshell where an electron with a specific energy is most likely to be found

Answer 16

electron orbital

Question 17

-Orbitals have distinct shaped related to the type of subshell which they are found
-An s orbital, found in the s subshell, is spherical in shape
-p orbitals, found in the p subshell, have shaped similar to the “figure 8”

Answer 17

Electron `Orbitals

Question 18

-Electron subshells are filled in order of increasing energy
-However, energies of subshells in different shelf often “overlap”
-For example, the 4s subshell has lower energy than the 3d subshell

Answer 18

Electron Configuration

Question 19

is a statement of how many electrons an atom has in each of its electron subshells

Answer 19

electron configuration

Question 20

Groups (columns) of elements have similar chemical properties because of similarities in their electron configuration

Answer 20

Electron Configurations and the Periodic Law