Finals: Uself Flashcards
They defined learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or process that leads to change as practice or expereinces.
Behaviorist
They define learning as a process that leads to change as a result of experience
Cognitive psychologists
___ is the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes, through experiences
Learning
It is a transformational process that leads to a personal growth.
It helps an individual adapt to the constantly changing environment.
It is important for survival of human beings since it enables them to discover new knowledge, technology and interventions.
Learning
[T/F] Learning starts at birth and continues throughout life
True
[T/F]Learning is a constant process that can result from direct and indirect experiences.
True
Individuals learn from one another through ___ and ___
Observation and imitation
IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTIC OF LEARNING:
Human action is motivated or inspired by one’s aims, goals,
or intentions.
Goals can be short-term or long-term
Learning occurs because it is planned, desired, or even forced.
No matter what the case, there is always a purpose why a person seeks more knowledge.
Research shows that students who set goals tend to be more persistent and are more likely to achieve their goals.
Learning is purposeful
IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTIC OF LEARNING:
Learning is often associated with a change in behavior as a
result of experience.
This entails that learning comes with one’s interaction with the
environment.
Learners may be able to define particular terms, explain
specific concepts, state general principles, or recite certain
provisions of law.
They can make them meaningful only if they understand them
well enough and be able to use and apply then in real-life
situations
Learning is a result of experience
IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTIC OF LEARNING:
“A sound mind in a sound body”
This famous quotation exemplifies the connection between the physical and mental well-being of a person.
In order produce well-rounded graduates, education institutions must hone not only the intellectual but also the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual potentials of learners.
Incidental knowledge, skills, and attitudes are also taught and developed.
Learning is Multifaceted
IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTIC OF LEARNING:
Leaners should not be mere passive receivers of information.
Learning is not rote memorization.
The principle of teaching states that the students should be the center of the learning process.
Students active participation in class activities must be solicited in order for them to fully grasp certain concepts.
Learning is an active process
What are the 4 characteristics of learning?
Learning is Purposeful
Learning is a Result of Experience
Learning is Multifaceted
Learning is an Active Process
[T/F] The brain does not undergo changes when it learns
False
Changes in the brain when learning
- Nerve cells may grow and neural networks will then be formed.
- The Strength of existing synaptic connection changes thus functionally changing the connectivity within the existing neural networks in response to a sensory stimuli.
- New synapses are formed between neurons that were nor connected before, thus effectively creating new networks of neurons that when active, represent a new memory.
The brain is composed of more than ____ neurons and ____ dendrites and synapses.
85 billion (neurons)
10 trillion (dendrites and synapses)
___ has been defined as a permanent change in behaviour as a result of experience. Learning requires continuity of behavioral changes.
Learning
___ is simply defined as cognition about cognition or thinking about thinking.
Metacognition
Psychologist ____ identifies two components of metacognition:
- Metacognition Knowledge
- Metacognition Regulation
John Flavell
two components of metacognition:
- Metacognition Knowledge
- Metacognition Regulation
Zimmerman (2002)defines as the
process in which students systematically direct their thoughts, feelings, and actions toward the attainment of their
academic goals.
Self-regulated
Learning (SRL)
____
defined Self-regulated
Learning (SRL) as the
process in which students
systematically direct
their thoughts, feelings,
and actions toward the
attainment of their
academic goals.
Zimmerman (2002)
The 3 essential component of self-regulated learning
- Planning
- Problem Solving
- Self Evalluation
The component of self-regulated learning that increases efficiency, control, and motivation
Planning
The component of self-regulated learning that allows students to learn to think and look for solutions
when faced with adversities.
Problem Solving
The component of self-regulated learning that increases self-awareness that leads to the better
understanding of one’s own
emotions, strengths, and
weaknesses.
Self-evaluation
___ refer to the attitudes and behaviors of students when preparing for tests or any learning assessment.
Study Habits
Some ways to develop a good study habit
- Get organized
- Allot time to take a break and eliminate stress.
- Prepare review material
- Create or join a study group
- Ask help.
- Teach what you have learned.
- Test yourself or ask someone to test you
- Study to understand, not to remember.
In Albert Bandura’s ____, self-efficacy refers to one’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
social cognitive theory
Who proposed social cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
[T/F] One’s sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks and challenges.
True
The operative word in the concept of self-efficacy is ____. If a person ____ in himself or herself, then half the battle is already won.
In fact, some people would even have another word for this ___. If one has ___, then nothing is impossible.
“Belief”, believes
“Faith”, faith
Bandura enumerated ways to strengthen self-efficacy.
- Mastery experiences
- Vicarious experiences
- Verbal persuasion
- Emotional and Psychological states.
refers to first-hand or direct experiences that a person acquires. When the frequency of success is high, there is greater belief in one’s personal efficacy. Likewise, failures discourage one’s belief in accomplishing a task
Mastery Experiences (Albert Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy)
It emanates from observing people, especially those that one regards as his or her role models. People choose their own role models. When these models succeed
through hard work, this increases one’s belief that he or she too can succeed.
Vicarious Experiences (Albert Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy)
It refers to motivation coming from influential people such as parents, teachers, friends, coaches, and superiors. Statements like “kayang-
kaya mo yan” and “you are the best!” provide very significant motivation, in such a way that
one exerts extra so as not to disappoint these people.
Verbal Persuasion (Albert Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy)
Refers to the emotional and physiological conditions that a person is in. A person suffering from depression or undergoing stress will likely have a small percentage of success as
compared to those inspired and
motivated.
Emotional and Physiological States
(Albert Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy)
Who coined the Growth Mindset Theory
Carol Dweck’s (Stanford University Professor)
2 types of mindset
Fixed Mindset
Growth Mindset
Type of mindset that vies problems as opportunities to learn. People believe that new abilities can be developed through practice. Creates a love for learning, and life becomes an exciting journey with endless opportunities to figure out new things and advance.
Growth Mindset
Type of mindset that avoids problems out of fear of failing
Basic qualities such as intelligence or talents are fixed traits and these are responsible for success. They like to document past achievements
Fixed Mindset
Carol Dweck encouraged teachers and parents to celebrate “trying”. Teachers should applaud students of any grade if they study hard. While parents should encourage their children to learn new skills they are interested in. This will help children learn the skill of learning
(Carol Dweck) IDENTIFY THE MINDSET:
You either got it or not.
Avoids challenges because they are afraid of looking stupid if they fail
Avoids feedback and takes it personally.
Always takes the easy route
Feels threatened when a friend succeeds. They feel that someones success would put pressure on them to do something more with their life too.
Fixed Mindset
(Carol Dweck) IDENTIFY THE MINDSET:
I can learn anything if I want it enough.
Embrace any challenge as an opportunity for growth. Knows failing is part of learning
Understands that one needs feedback for personal growth and learning. Understands that it is not them that is being assessed, but the result of their work.
Practices the harder route
Likes to see others succeed because it inspires them ti improve
Growth Mindset
Who quoted:
“Ever tried? Ever failed? No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better.”
Samuel Becket (Late Irish Poet)
In the late 1960s, ______
conducted the first every research on goal setting and motivation. In one of his essays, he mentioned that employees are motivated by
clear goals and appropriate feedback.
He stressed that setting a goal
provides a significant source of motivation which, in turn, improves people’s performance.
Dr. Edwin Locke
Who coined the Goal Setting Theory?
Edwin Locke
IN LOCKE’S GOAL-SETTING
THEORY, A GOAL (OR OUTCOME)
HAS TWO SIDE:
(1) the mastery goals, where the desire to gain knowledge and skills are reflected
(2) the performance goals where the desire to look competent in other people’s eyes is manifested.
IN 1990, ____ and ___ PUBLISHED
A BOOK ENTITLED A
THEORY OF GOAL SETTING
AND TASK PERFORMANCE.
EDWIN LOCKE AND
GARY LATHAM
Book oublished by Edwin Locke and Gary Latha
A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance
Principles of Goal Setting
- Clarity
- Challenge
- Commitment
- Feedback
- Task Complexity
Principle of goal setting that refers to:
being clear and not vague. A goal must be specific and the person must set a period for its attainment and completion
Clarity
Principle of goal setting that refers to:
means that a goal must trigger the knowledge, skills, and abilities of a
person. A goal should require extra effort for its attainment
Challenge
Principle of goal setting that refers to:
reflects a person’s dedication towards the attainment of the goals. Attaining a goal requires
sincerity and focus. PRINCIPLES OF
GOAL SETTING5
Commitment
Principle of goal setting that refers to:
serves as a mechanism to ensure that everyone sharing the same goal is on the right track and all are in the same direction. Everyone’s actions should be aligned with the set goals.
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