FINALS - RIZAL Flashcards
____________ published his novel
entitled Ninay, with its subtitle _________
(Philippine Customs).
Pedro paterno - Costumbres Filipinas
Realizing the need for the Filipinos and the country to be
known in Europe, he presented a proposal on writing a
novel about the Philippines to the Circulo – Hispano
Filipino on _________
January 2, 1884
During the course of Rizal’s stay in several European
cities, he noted that Filipinos were practically _______
unknown nation
Moreover, the Spoliarium was perceived by Rizal as a reflection of the ___, _____, ______
spirit of the social, moral, and
political life of his time
The _______ can, therefore, be considered as
Rizal’s Spoliarium.
Noli Me Tangere
Another source of idea for writing a novel about the
Philippines was the novel of ________
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet
Beecher Stowe
The third source of idea for a novel, Rizal was then
conceptualizing was the anti-clerical novel authored by _________
Eugene Sue – The Wandering Jew
Rizal started writing the Noli Me Tangere in ______, while he
was studying in _______
1884 Europe
He completed one half of the novel in
Madrid
Noli me tanger: One-fourth
of the novel was written when he was at _____
paris
Noli me tangere: remaining one-fourth was completed in _______
on _________
Berlin, Germany Feb. 21, 1887
The novel came off the press on _______, with the
financial assistance of ______
March 21, 1887 Maximo Viola.
At the outset, the novel was untitled. Later on, he decided
to call his first literary masterpiece _______
Noli Me Tangere
Noli me tangere: The title can be translated into English as _________
“Touch Me Not.
The aforementioned label to this novel has a biblical basis,
as those words were the ___________ when the latter visited His tomb
before sunrise of Easter Sunday.
ones uttered by Jesus Christ
to Mary Magdalene
The novels begins with the return of ________, a son of an affluent creole in San Diego, after long
years of study in the European continent.
Juan Crisostomo
Ibarra
_________was jailed for the accidental death of a
Spanish tax collector in his defense of a young boy being
brutalized by this illiterate official
Don Rafael
_________ the parish priest of San Diego, denied
him a Christian burial and ordered his corpse exhumed
from the cemetery where it had been buried.
Father Damaso
Maria Clara was _______
Leonor Rivera
Tasyo was his _______
older brother Paciano.
Padre Salvi was _______
Fr. Antonio Piernavieja of the Augustinian
Order
Capitan Tiago was _________
Captain Hilario Sunico of San Nicholas.
Doña Victorina was ________
Doña Agustina Medel
Basilio and Crispin were the _________
Crisostomo brothers of
Hagonoy, Bulacan.
Padre Damaso, however, was the ___________
typical abusive friar
during Rizal’s time
the main character in the novel, Ibarra represented the
affluent and liberal European- educated Filipino. Civicminded, liberty-minded and patriotic.
* He desired the education of the people. His plan of
establishing the schoolhouse in San Diego was opposed
by Father Damaso
JUAN CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
representing conservatism in Filipino
society then.
JUAN CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
This conflict between liberalism and conservatism is
reflected in many episodes in the Noli, which culminated
in Ibarra’s leaving the country and Maria Clara’ entering
the nunnery
JUAN CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
He represented the Filipino masses in the novel. Although Ibarra’s family had brought misfortunes to his
own family, he extended help to Crisostomo in many
occasions in the novel.
* This might have been due to his belief that the redemption
of the county depends on the ilustrados.
* Just like Ibarra, he is a mouthpiece of Rizal’s contradictory
thoughts and purposes.
ELIAS
As the symbol of the common people, Elias did everything
to vindicate them from the injustices suffered from the
Spaniards
ELIAS
- The object of Ibarra’s love and affection.
MARIA CLARA
Rizal represented Filipino womanhood trained in a
convent and immerses in education basically
religious in orientation.
* She symbolizes the Filipino womanhood in their fidelity,
coyness, and modesty.
MARIA CLARA
Crisostomo’s father
DON RAFAEL IBARRA
He was jailed for helping a young boy being harmed
by an ignorant Spanish tax collector.
* Father Damaso considered him a heretic and a
filibustero owing to his liberal and independent views
DON RAFAEL IBARRA
_________ Noli to symbolize an affluent
landlord with a social conscience
DON RAFAEL IBARRA
- the mother of Basilio and Crispin in the Noli.
SISA
She symbolized a lot of things in Filipino society during
Rizal’s time.
SISA
In the novel, she lost her mental balance upon learning
what happened to Basilio and Crispin, her two sons.
* Through her, Rizal was able to illustrate lack of concern
in facing and resolving problems confronting Filipino
society.
SISA
She was also used by Rizal in the Noli to illustrate the
typical characteristics of Filipino mothers
SISA
to the people of San Diego, he was Don Anastacio delos
Santos.
CAPITAN TIAGO
rich jeweler; hero of El
Filibusterismo
SIMOUN
To the common people, he was the symbol of the
cacique mentality.
CAPITAN TIAGO
Professing to be religious, never did he pray to God even
in the face of difficulties. Instead, he let his money pray
for him.
* Moreover, Rizal employed Capitan Tiago in the novel to
represent subservient Filipino to the authorities to
protect his personal and business interest
CAPITAN TIAGO
- a social climber, she married Don Tiburcio de Espadaña
to support her claim of being a Spaniard. - She despised everything Filipino and imitated what was
Spanish.
DOÑA VICTORINA
Thus, Rizal used her in the novel to symbolize colonial
mentality among some Filipinos during his time
DOÑA VICTORINA
the mistress of the Alferez, she was noted to be
imprudent, vulgar, cruel and quarrelsome
DOÑA PATROCINIO
she symbolized the mentality of the Guardia
Civil.
DOÑA PATROCINIO
Being the only competitor of Capitan Tiago in godliness,
she did everything to pretend that she was really
religious by showing off to the public what she
contribute for the Church.
DOÑA PATROCINIO
He represented Rizal’s epitome of a philosopher.
* He was perceived to be sage by the educated and a
weird or lunatic by those who did not know him.
PILOSOPO TASYO
As an educated individual, he dreamed of changing the
methods of teaching to facilitate greater learning on the
part of the pupils then.
THE SCHOOL MASTER OF SAN DIEGO
Paterno’s novel Ninay, published in Madrid in
1885
del Pilar’s La Soberania Monacal and
Graciano Lopez Jaena’s Discursos y
Articulos Varios published in Barcelona in
1889 and 1891;
Antonio Luna’s Impresiones, which came
out in Madrid in
1893.
_________ who became Rizal’s friend thru
correspondence, praised Rizal by saying: “Your work, as
we Germans say, has been written with blood and
heart.. Your work has exceeded my hopes and I
consider myself fortunate and happy to have been
honored with your friendship. Not only I but your
country, may feel happy for having you, a patriotic
and loyal son. If you continue so, you will be to your
people one of those great men who will exercise a
determinative influence over the progress of their
spiritual life”
Ferdinand Blumentritt
_____ was able to have a copy of
the Noli and sent the same to the rector of UST
for examination on _____
Archbishop Payo - August 18, 1887.
It outlines the reforms needed in Filipino society then.
These reforms include the following
radical reforms in the armed forces, clergy,
and administration of justice;
o more respect for human dignity;
o greater security for the individual;
o less strength in the constabulary;
o and less privileges for organizations prone
to abuses and corruption.
________being a liberal-minded government executive,
informed Rizal of the unfavorable reports about his
novel, alleged to be libelous and subversive
Governor-general, Emilio Terrero,
Notable among the virtues and values emphasized by
Rizal in the Noli were the following:
o the modesty and devotion of the Filipino woman;
o the open- handed hospitality of the Filipino
family;
o the devotion of the parents to their children and
children to their parents;
o and deep sense of gratitude of the Filipino
peasants.
The attacks on Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere were not only
confined in the Philippines but were also staged in _______
madrid
The attacks on Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere were not only
confined in the Philippines but were also staged in
Madrid. (De Ocampo, 1961). There, ______, _____, _____
Senator Fernando
Vida, Deputy Luis M. de Pando, and Prime Minister
Praxedes Mateo Sagasta
Another attack on the novel came from ______, a Spanish academician, who had spent many
years in high posts of Philippine Administration.
Vicente Barrantes
In the Philippines,_________, who issued the
official censure of the Noli, tried to prevent the
circulation of the novel by publishing a few copies of
his report
Fr. Salvador Font
Fr. Salvado Font His report consisted of four parts, as follows:
attacks on the religion of the State;
o attacks on the administration, the
government employees and the courts;
o attacks on the civil guards;
o and attacks on the territorial integrity of the
Spanish Kingdom.
Among these three senators, it was _____ who
became very critical of the Noli
Fernando Vida
A direct attack on the Noli was launched by Father ______by issuing a series of pamphlets under the
title Cuestiones de Suno Interes
Jose Rodriquez
______
judged the novel on a doctrinal level, when he said that
it should not be read by devout Christians.
Fr. Rodriquez
Rizal, however, replied to these attacks by Fr. Rodriquez
through the satirical pamphlet entitled, ________
La Vision del
Fray Rodriquez
the translator into Tagalog of the famous
Imitation of Christ. Writing under the pen name _______
Desiderio Magalang,
Another defender of Rizal’s Noli was Marcelo H. del
Pilar. In answer to Fr. Rodriquez’ pamphlet entitled
Caiingat Cayo (Beware). Del Pilar wrote the pamphlet
entitle _______
Be Slippery as an Eel.
Rizal completed the revision of El Filibusterismo while he
was in _____
Brussels
El Fili: He started writing this novel while he was in ______ and continued working on it in London in _____
Calamba 1888.
Some parts of the novel were written in _____ and _______
Paris and Madrid
El Fili: Nonetheless, the manuscript was completed on _________, while he was in Biarritz
March 29, 1891
Rizal left Brussels for Ghent on ________
July 5, 1891.
t was in this city where Rizal met _______ of
Pampanga and ______ of Manila,
who were then studying engineering at the University
of Ghent.
Jose Alejandro and Edilberto Evangelista
Fortunately, he found the ____________ willing
to publish his novel on installment basis
F. Meyer-Van Loo Press
Rizal shipped to _______ all copies of the Ghent
edition, which were smuggled into the Philippines, except
those copies sent to his friends in Spain
Hong Kong
He, therefore, decided to suspend its printing, until his
friend _________ in Paris came to the rescue.
Valentin Ventura
_______ is a romantic novel, a work of
the heart and a book of feeling
Noli Me Tangere
_________ is a political novel, a work of the head,
and a book of thought
El Filibusterismo
While Rizal dedicated the Noli to his
_________; the Fili was dedicated to the memory of
_________
motherland Gomburza.
the Noli is longer since it consists of ________ On the other hand, the Fili is shorter as it
contains of ________
64 chapters 38 chapters
Rizal advocated peaceful reforms in the Noli through
_______. On the other hand, Rizal advocated
a revolution in effecting reforms in Filipino society in
the Fili, through _____
Crisostomo Ibarra Simoun
two reasons to print in ghent:
o cheaper cost of printing in Ghent; and
o the need to evade the enticing attraction
of Petite Suzanne
rich jeweler; hero of El
Filibusterismo
SIMOUN
clumsy, roundish shaped
steamer
TABO
Rich jeweler
SIMOUN
Ridiculously Pro-Spanish
native woman
DOÑA VICTORINA
Beautiful niece of Doña
Victorina
PAULITA GOMEZ
Spanish journalist who writes
silly articles about the Filipinos
BEN ZAYB
(A nagram of Ybañez)
Vice-Rector of the University
of Santo Tomas
PADRE SIBYLA
The Parish priest of the town
of Tiani
PADRE CAMORRA
Pro-Spanish Filipino holding a
high position in the
government
DON CUSTODIO
Thin, Franciscan friar and
former cura of San Diego
PADRE SALV
A kind friar who was a friend
of Filipino students
PADRE IRENE
A retired scholarly and
patriotic Filipino priest
PADRE FLORENTINO
A poet, nephew of Padre
Florentino and lover of Paulita
ISAGANI
Son of SIsa and promising
medical student whose
medical education was
financed by Capitan Tiago
BASILIO
Dispossessed of his land in
Tiani by the friars
CABESANG TALES
Daughter of Cabesang Tales,
sweetheat of Basilio, kills
herself rather than be
dishonored by Padre Camorra
JULI
rich student and leader of the
Filipino students in their
movement to have an
academy where they could
learn Spanish
MACARAIG
bigoted Dominican friarprofessor, teaches physics in
the UST without scientific
experiments
PADRE MILLION
student of Padre Millon,
discontented with the poor
method of instruction in the
university
PLACIDO PENITENTE
old Filipino laywer, refuses to
help the Filipino students in
their petition to the
government for educational
reforms
SENOR PASTA
grandfather of Juli and
Cabesang Tales’ father
TANDANG SELO
impressario who owned the
sideshow at the feria of
Quiapo exhibiting Egyptian
mummy
MR. AMERICAN
Spanish student who supports
the cause of the Filipino
students to propagate the
teaching of Spanish
SANDOVAL
one of the Filipino students
who agitates for the teaching
of Spanish
PECSON
mother of Placido Penitente
CABESANA ANDANG
good Dominican friar and
friend of Isagani
PADRE FERNANDEZ
father of Juanito Pelaez
DON TIMOTEO
son of the Cabesang Tales
and brother of Juli
TANO
silversmith who made the
bridal earrings for Paulita
Gomez
CHICHAY
Turned cynical and revolutionary as a result of past
failures and disappointments, he could be made to represent the portion of Filipino society which, tired
of the oppressor’s rule wanted that rule to be
overthrown at all cost, but had no systematic plan for
the new society, if the old one is overthrown
SIMOUN
who after suffering from untold physical and spiritual
abuse for at least 13 years, at last dies, can still be
made to symbolize in the Fili, the friar- dominated
culture, which is now ripe for revolution.
* That there is no eventual union between Simoun and
Maria Clara, not even meeting between the two since they
parted 13 years ago is significant.
* Although Simoun wanted very much to see and possess
her, he was not permitted to do so.
* This is indicative, symbolically speaking, of Rizal’s
refusal to recognize that the friar-dominated Filipino
culture could still be reinvigorated through the
infusion of new elements into its anemic
bloodstream.
MARIA CLARA
The idealist turned mercenary, could be made to
represent that portion of Filipino society who have
abandoned their noble social ideals and have become
thoroughly self-seeking opportunist, serving only the
interest of those who have hired them
SEÑOR PASTA
a young student, who is inspired by high ideals for his
country but at critical moment apparently and
unwittingly forgets those ideals for selfish reasons,
could be made to symbolize the untested and unreliable
idealism of a segment of the educated Filipino youths of
the time.
ISAGANI
the hapless object of Isagani’s affection
* a girl who is more free from the fetters of convention than
Maria Clara, can be made to represent that portion of
Filipino womanhood – still half breed like Maria Clara –
which is relatively enlightened but which is itself almost
thoroughly bereft of love of country and of a desire for the
social good
PAULITA GOMEZ
the medical student who, despite the extreme sufferings
undergone by his family as a result of clerical perfidy
and cruelty, refuses to entertain any revolution
though even in the face of rampant social injustices.
* could be made to symbolize that segment of the educated
Filipino society which has been so brutalized that it has
become insensible to the social welfare
BASILIO
is another young man who has been so disillusioned by
the state of affairs he finds himself in as a student,
entertains the desire to go abroad.
* When shown by Simoun some signs of a possible
uprising, he becomes so frightened that he could not make
up his mind whether to join or not join.
* He persuasively could be made to symbolize those
elements of Philippine society, which had not yet been
infused with a national sentiment or social
conscience.
PLACIDO PENITENTE
a typical Spanish official in the country, who occupies
several positions despite the absence of qualification, believes that any idea that does not come from him
deserves no consideration.
* As a character in the Fili, Rizal portrayed him as one
who finds pleasure in developing a feeling of
inferiority among the people.
DON CUSTODIO
The pattern of suffering in the El Filibusterismo is depicted
in the story of Cabesang Tales, Juli and the school master
(Capino et al, 1978; Schumaster, 1997)
* a victim of land grabbing by the friars, became
desperate and joined the outlaws for personal revenge.
He died of fever and found no justice in the courts
CABESANG TALES
innocent-looking and unaffected daughter of Cabesang
Tales and sweetheart of Basilio, took her own life
because of her love for honor and chastity rather than
surrender her womanhood to the mundane desire of
Fr. Camorra
JULI
rusticated as a rebel for having experimented teaching
the Spanish language to young children against the
wishes of the Spanish friars was pardoned due to the
influence wielded by Simoun. Later on, he became
Simoun’s gunpowder expert.
THE SCHOOL MASTER
He had nine sisters who doted on him and did their best to
protect him from the nine women that_______ once
loved and loved passionately indeed.
JOSE RIZAL
Perhaps, the greatest influence on Rizal was his mother,
__________ (1827 - 1913) who was
a pious, hard-working and business-minded lady of culture
well-educated in Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was the
mentor, counselor, critic, and spiritual adviser of the young
Jose.
Doña Teodora Alonso y Quintos
The eldest child in the family. She was the disciplinarian
A. SATURNINA
( 1850 – 1913 )
She married Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas
A. SATURNINA
The third child in the family. She was strict as to the women Jose had eyes on.
* Like a doting sister, _____ was very close to Rizal and
could recite all of Rizal’s poem from memory
B. NARCISA
(1852 – 1939 )
She married Antonio Lopez,
B. NARCISA
The fourth child in the family
C. OLYMPIA
She died at 32, from childbirth.
* Her death saddened Rizal because Olympia was very
close to hi
C. OLYMPIA
( 1855 – 1887 )
a telegraph operator from Manila
Silvestre Ubaldo,
a teacher, and musician from Morong, Rizal.
B. NARCISA
(1852 – 1939 )
Was the first wife of Gen. Salvador Natividad
who helped Marcela Agoncillo to make the
first Philippine flag in Hong Kong.
Lucia’s daughter, Delfina
The fifth child in the family.
D. LUCIA
( 1857 – 1919 )
who was denied the Christian burial because he
was the brother-in-law of Rizal.
Mariano Herbosa
She received the lamp where the immortal poem Mi Ultimo Adios was hidden
D. LUCIA
( 1857 – 1919 )
The sixth child in the family
E. MARIA
( 1859 – 1945 )
The sixth child in the family
E. MARIA
( 1859 – 1945 )
Jose Rizal’s sisters
A. Saturnina
B. Narcisa
C. Olympia
D. Lucia
E. Maria
F. Concepcion
G. Josefa
H. Trinidad
I. Soledad
She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna
She is the ascendant of Gemma Cruz Araneta who was
our first Miss Internationa.
E. MARIA
( 1859 – 1945 )
The sixth sister of Rizal.
F. CONCEPCION
( 1862 – 1865 )
She did not live long to see Rizal’s martyrdom.
* She died early at the age of three.
F. CONCEPCION
( 1862 – 1865 )
nicknamed: Concha
F. CONCEPCION
( 1862 – 1865 )
The seventh sister of Riza
G. JOSEFA
( 1865 – 1945 )
Despite suffering from epilepsy, she joined and was an
active member of the Katipunan.
* She, like Saturnina and Narcisa, was very protective of
Jose against the many girls who were the objects of
Rizal’s affection.
G. JOSEFA
( 1865 – 1945 )
nicknamed: Panggoy
G. JOSEFA
( 1865 – 1945 )
The eighth sister of Rizal
H. TRINIDAD
( 1868 – 1951 )
nicknamed: Trining
H. TRINIDAD
( 1868 – 1951 )
Josefa and Trinidad were together living.
* Like Josefa, Trinidad also became a member of the
Katipunan.
* She died a spinster and was the last to die among all
the Mercado.
* Rizal’s elegy, Mi Ultimo Adios,
o was in the safekeeping of Trinidad.
H. TRINIDAD
( 1868 – 1951 )
The youngest child in the family.
I. SOLEDAD
( 1870 – 1929 )
The youngest child in the family.
* nicknamed: Choleng
* She married Pantaleon Quintero.
I. SOLEDAD
( 1870 – 1929 )
Women were attracted to Rizal because of his
_______, ____, _____, ______
intelligence, wit, charm, and charisma
His puppy love.
* Segunda was a friend to Jose’s sister, Olympia.
* Through Olympia, Jose and Segunda became intimately
close leading Jose to regularly visit Segunda’s dormitory.
A. SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
Segunda was already set to marry a fellow
townsman in Batangas, ______
Manuel Luz.
One day, _____ gave him an artificial white
rose. In exchange, he handed the pencil sketch
to Segunda
Segunda
- Rizal’s second object of affection.
- She is literally the girl next door.
- They met when Rizal was a sophomore medical
student at the University of Santo Tomas. - During the courtship, Rizal was said to have sent
Leonor private and secret love letters,
B. LEONOR “ORANG” VALENZUELA
he wrote them using invisible ink made with
________
water and salt
