FINALS - RIZAL Flashcards
____________ published his novel
entitled Ninay, with its subtitle _________
(Philippine Customs).
Pedro paterno - Costumbres Filipinas
Realizing the need for the Filipinos and the country to be
known in Europe, he presented a proposal on writing a
novel about the Philippines to the Circulo – Hispano
Filipino on _________
January 2, 1884
During the course of Rizal’s stay in several European
cities, he noted that Filipinos were practically _______
unknown nation
Moreover, the Spoliarium was perceived by Rizal as a reflection of the ___, _____, ______
spirit of the social, moral, and
political life of his time
The _______ can, therefore, be considered as
Rizal’s Spoliarium.
Noli Me Tangere
Another source of idea for writing a novel about the
Philippines was the novel of ________
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet
Beecher Stowe
The third source of idea for a novel, Rizal was then
conceptualizing was the anti-clerical novel authored by _________
Eugene Sue – The Wandering Jew
Rizal started writing the Noli Me Tangere in ______, while he
was studying in _______
1884 Europe
He completed one half of the novel in
Madrid
Noli me tanger: One-fourth
of the novel was written when he was at _____
paris
Noli me tangere: remaining one-fourth was completed in _______
on _________
Berlin, Germany Feb. 21, 1887
The novel came off the press on _______, with the
financial assistance of ______
March 21, 1887 Maximo Viola.
At the outset, the novel was untitled. Later on, he decided
to call his first literary masterpiece _______
Noli Me Tangere
Noli me tangere: The title can be translated into English as _________
“Touch Me Not.
The aforementioned label to this novel has a biblical basis,
as those words were the ___________ when the latter visited His tomb
before sunrise of Easter Sunday.
ones uttered by Jesus Christ
to Mary Magdalene
The novels begins with the return of ________, a son of an affluent creole in San Diego, after long
years of study in the European continent.
Juan Crisostomo
Ibarra
_________was jailed for the accidental death of a
Spanish tax collector in his defense of a young boy being
brutalized by this illiterate official
Don Rafael
_________ the parish priest of San Diego, denied
him a Christian burial and ordered his corpse exhumed
from the cemetery where it had been buried.
Father Damaso
Maria Clara was _______
Leonor Rivera
Tasyo was his _______
older brother Paciano.
Padre Salvi was _______
Fr. Antonio Piernavieja of the Augustinian
Order
Capitan Tiago was _________
Captain Hilario Sunico of San Nicholas.
Doña Victorina was ________
Doña Agustina Medel
Basilio and Crispin were the _________
Crisostomo brothers of
Hagonoy, Bulacan.
Padre Damaso, however, was the ___________
typical abusive friar
during Rizal’s time
the main character in the novel, Ibarra represented the
affluent and liberal European- educated Filipino. Civicminded, liberty-minded and patriotic.
* He desired the education of the people. His plan of
establishing the schoolhouse in San Diego was opposed
by Father Damaso
JUAN CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
representing conservatism in Filipino
society then.
JUAN CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
This conflict between liberalism and conservatism is
reflected in many episodes in the Noli, which culminated
in Ibarra’s leaving the country and Maria Clara’ entering
the nunnery
JUAN CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
He represented the Filipino masses in the novel. Although Ibarra’s family had brought misfortunes to his
own family, he extended help to Crisostomo in many
occasions in the novel.
* This might have been due to his belief that the redemption
of the county depends on the ilustrados.
* Just like Ibarra, he is a mouthpiece of Rizal’s contradictory
thoughts and purposes.
ELIAS
As the symbol of the common people, Elias did everything
to vindicate them from the injustices suffered from the
Spaniards
ELIAS
- The object of Ibarra’s love and affection.
MARIA CLARA
Rizal represented Filipino womanhood trained in a
convent and immerses in education basically
religious in orientation.
* She symbolizes the Filipino womanhood in their fidelity,
coyness, and modesty.
MARIA CLARA
Crisostomo’s father
DON RAFAEL IBARRA
He was jailed for helping a young boy being harmed
by an ignorant Spanish tax collector.
* Father Damaso considered him a heretic and a
filibustero owing to his liberal and independent views
DON RAFAEL IBARRA
_________ Noli to symbolize an affluent
landlord with a social conscience
DON RAFAEL IBARRA
- the mother of Basilio and Crispin in the Noli.
SISA
She symbolized a lot of things in Filipino society during
Rizal’s time.
SISA
In the novel, she lost her mental balance upon learning
what happened to Basilio and Crispin, her two sons.
* Through her, Rizal was able to illustrate lack of concern
in facing and resolving problems confronting Filipino
society.
SISA
She was also used by Rizal in the Noli to illustrate the
typical characteristics of Filipino mothers
SISA
to the people of San Diego, he was Don Anastacio delos
Santos.
CAPITAN TIAGO
rich jeweler; hero of El
Filibusterismo
SIMOUN
To the common people, he was the symbol of the
cacique mentality.
CAPITAN TIAGO
Professing to be religious, never did he pray to God even
in the face of difficulties. Instead, he let his money pray
for him.
* Moreover, Rizal employed Capitan Tiago in the novel to
represent subservient Filipino to the authorities to
protect his personal and business interest
CAPITAN TIAGO
- a social climber, she married Don Tiburcio de Espadaña
to support her claim of being a Spaniard. - She despised everything Filipino and imitated what was
Spanish.
DOÑA VICTORINA
Thus, Rizal used her in the novel to symbolize colonial
mentality among some Filipinos during his time
DOÑA VICTORINA
the mistress of the Alferez, she was noted to be
imprudent, vulgar, cruel and quarrelsome
DOÑA PATROCINIO
she symbolized the mentality of the Guardia
Civil.
DOÑA PATROCINIO
Being the only competitor of Capitan Tiago in godliness,
she did everything to pretend that she was really
religious by showing off to the public what she
contribute for the Church.
DOÑA PATROCINIO
He represented Rizal’s epitome of a philosopher.
* He was perceived to be sage by the educated and a
weird or lunatic by those who did not know him.
PILOSOPO TASYO
As an educated individual, he dreamed of changing the
methods of teaching to facilitate greater learning on the
part of the pupils then.
THE SCHOOL MASTER OF SAN DIEGO
Paterno’s novel Ninay, published in Madrid in
1885
del Pilar’s La Soberania Monacal and
Graciano Lopez Jaena’s Discursos y
Articulos Varios published in Barcelona in
1889 and 1891;
Antonio Luna’s Impresiones, which came
out in Madrid in
1893.
_________ who became Rizal’s friend thru
correspondence, praised Rizal by saying: “Your work, as
we Germans say, has been written with blood and
heart.. Your work has exceeded my hopes and I
consider myself fortunate and happy to have been
honored with your friendship. Not only I but your
country, may feel happy for having you, a patriotic
and loyal son. If you continue so, you will be to your
people one of those great men who will exercise a
determinative influence over the progress of their
spiritual life”
Ferdinand Blumentritt
_____ was able to have a copy of
the Noli and sent the same to the rector of UST
for examination on _____
Archbishop Payo - August 18, 1887.
It outlines the reforms needed in Filipino society then.
These reforms include the following
radical reforms in the armed forces, clergy,
and administration of justice;
o more respect for human dignity;
o greater security for the individual;
o less strength in the constabulary;
o and less privileges for organizations prone
to abuses and corruption.
________being a liberal-minded government executive,
informed Rizal of the unfavorable reports about his
novel, alleged to be libelous and subversive
Governor-general, Emilio Terrero,
Notable among the virtues and values emphasized by
Rizal in the Noli were the following:
o the modesty and devotion of the Filipino woman;
o the open- handed hospitality of the Filipino
family;
o the devotion of the parents to their children and
children to their parents;
o and deep sense of gratitude of the Filipino
peasants.
The attacks on Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere were not only
confined in the Philippines but were also staged in _______
madrid
The attacks on Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere were not only
confined in the Philippines but were also staged in
Madrid. (De Ocampo, 1961). There, ______, _____, _____
Senator Fernando
Vida, Deputy Luis M. de Pando, and Prime Minister
Praxedes Mateo Sagasta
Another attack on the novel came from ______, a Spanish academician, who had spent many
years in high posts of Philippine Administration.
Vicente Barrantes
In the Philippines,_________, who issued the
official censure of the Noli, tried to prevent the
circulation of the novel by publishing a few copies of
his report
Fr. Salvador Font
Fr. Salvado Font His report consisted of four parts, as follows:
attacks on the religion of the State;
o attacks on the administration, the
government employees and the courts;
o attacks on the civil guards;
o and attacks on the territorial integrity of the
Spanish Kingdom.
