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MC 1 LEC > FINALS HUHU (URINARY & SENSORY SYSTEM) > Flashcards

FINALS HUHU (URINARY & SENSORY SYSTEM) Flashcards

1
Q

hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production or red blood cells.

A

erythropoietin

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2
Q

An internal organ that regulates blood volume and composition, helps regulate blood pressure, synthesizes glucose, releases erythropoietin, participates in Vitamin D synthesis, and excretes wastes by forming urine.

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Which is lower, the right or left kidney?

A

Right kidney is lower due to size of the liver

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4
Q

Deepest layer that helps maintain the shape of the kidney

A

Renal capsule

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5
Q

Surrounds the renal capsule that is composed of fat tissues

A

Adipose Capsule

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6
Q

Anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall and also the outermost layer

A

Renal fascia

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7
Q

Composes the renal medulla

A

Renal pyramids

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8
Q

What part of the renal pyramids are facing the renal hilum?

A

renal papilla (apex)

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9
Q

portions of the cortex that extends toward the renal pyramids.

A

Renal columns

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10
Q

The functional part of the kidney that is composed of the renal pyramids and the renal medulla

A

Parenchyma

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11
Q

creates urine which drains into the large papillary ducts.

A

Nephrons

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12
Q

How many minor and major calyces does the kidney have?

A

18 minor calyces and 2/3 major calyces

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13
Q

This contains part of the renal pelvis, the calyces, and branches of the renal blood vessels and nerves.

A

Renal Sinus

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14
Q

where blood plasma is filtered; lies within the renal cortex

A

Renal corpuscle

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15
Q

surrounds the capillaries of the glomerulus; where blood plasma is filtered

A

Glomerular capsule / Bowman’s capsule

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16
Q

where filtered fluid passes

A

Renal tubule

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17
Q

attached to the glomerular capsule; lies within the renal cortex

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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18
Q

the part that is further away; lies within the renal cortex

A

Distal convoluted capsule

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19
Q

extends into the renal medulla, makes a hairpin turn, and returns to the renal cortex

A

loop of henle

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20
Q

means that the tubule is tightly coild rather than straight

A

Convoluted

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21
Q

In which water and most solutes in vlood plasma move across the wall of glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule and then into the renal tubule.

A

Glomelular Filtration

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22
Q

Filtered fluid flows along the renal tubule and through the collectuing duct, tubule cells reabsorb about 99% of the filtered water and many useful solutes

A

Tubular Reabsorption

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23
Q

fluid flows along the renal tubule and through the collecting duct. The tubule and duct cells secrete other materials, such as wastes, drugs, and excess ions into the fluid.

A

Tubular secretion

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24
Q

Transports urine from the renal pelvis of one kidney to the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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25
Q

deepest coat of ureter

A

Mucosa

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26
Q

intermediate or middle coat of ureter

A

Muscularis

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27
Q

Superficial coat of ureter

A

Adventitia

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28
Q

Hollow, distensible muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis

A

Urinary bladder

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29
Q

the process of emptying the bladder or the process commonly known as peeing

A

Voiding or Micturition

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30
Q

The 2 valves that control the urine flow

A

internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter

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31
Q

Where is the micturition center located?

A

S2 and S3 segments of the sacral spinal cord

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32
Q

Urine capacity of the bladder until it triggers stretch receptors in the bladder

A

200ml to 400ml

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33
Q

what are the layers of the kidney?

A

Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia

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34
Q

2 regions of the internal kidney

A

Renal medulla and Renal cortex

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35
Q

What calyx receives urine from the papillary ducts?

A

minor calyx

36
Q

clear layer of the eye; the most exposed part of the eye

A

Cornea

37
Q

Whites of the eye

A

Sclera

38
Q

Pigmented part of the eye. Regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the pupils

A

Iris

39
Q

the opening at the center of the iris through which light passes

A

pupil

40
Q

innermost sensory layer of the eye

A

Retina

41
Q

absorb light and prevent light from scattering inside the eye

A

pigmented layer of retina

42
Q

contains many receptor cells, rods and cones, which respond to light (photoreceptors)

A

Neural layer of retina

43
Q

Focuses the light entering the eye on the retina

A

Lens

44
Q

Collects sound waves

A

outer ear

45
Q

amplifies sound

A

Inner ear

46
Q

converts sound waves into electrical signals sent to the brain via the auditory nerve

A

Cochlea

47
Q

The top part of your nose located between your eyebrows, where your nose connects to your face

A

Nasal root

48
Q

The bottom part of your nose that houses your nostrils and tapers off into a rounded tip.

A

Nasal apex

49
Q

The middle part of your nose, between your nasal root and nasal apex.

A

Nasal dorsum

50
Q

tiny, hairlike structures trap dirt and particles. Then, they move those particles toward your nostrils, and eventually out of your body

A

Cilia

51
Q

hollow spaces where air flows in and out

A

Nasal cavities

52
Q

These cells communicate with your brain and give you your sense of smell.

A

Nerve cells

53
Q

holes that lead to your nasal cavities.

A

nostrils

54
Q

air-filled pockets connect to your nasal cavities. They produce the mucus that keeps your nose moist.

A

Paranasal sinuses

55
Q

the bone and cartilage that separate your nasal cavities.

A

Septum

56
Q

These folds warm and moisten air after you breathe it in. They also aid in nasal drainage.

A

Turbinates (conchae)

57
Q

Taste receptors detect flavors and send signals to the brain via cranial nerves

A

Tongue

58
Q

What are the flavors that can be detected by the tongue?

A

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

59
Q

Contains receptors for touch, temperature, and pain.

A

skin

60
Q

the process by which a sensory cell converts an external stimulus into an electrical signal, or action potential, that is transmitted to the brain.

A

Sensory transduction

61
Q

Sensory transduction in the eyes

A

photoreceptors in the retina

62
Q

Sensory transduction in the ears

A

hair cells in cochlea

63
Q

Sensory transduction in the nose

A

olfactory receptors

64
Q

Sensory transduction in the tongue

A

taste receptors

65
Q

Sensory transduction in the skin

A

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors

66
Q

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information from the environment and body to enable effective use of the body.

A

information processing

67
Q

the primary information-processing center of the body, and it uses multiple sensory inputs to create usable outputs.

A

Brain

68
Q

The brain regions responsible for sensory transduction and information processing

A

sensory cortex, parietal lobe, thalamus

69
Q

a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve.

A

Glaucoma

70
Q

the loss of lens transparency cause vision to become hazy and distorted

A

cataracts

71
Q

is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field

A

macular degenration

72
Q

Hearing loss of any degree

A

Deafness

73
Q

Ruptured eardrum

A

Osteroclerosis

74
Q

a condition when a person hears a ringing sound or a different variety of sounds when no corresponding external sound is present and other people cannot hear it.

A

Tinnitus

75
Q

Partial or full loss of smell

A

Anosmia

76
Q

Inflammation of the sinus

A

Chronic sinusitis

77
Q

Complete loss of taste

A

Ageusia

78
Q

nerve damage leads to pain, weakness, numbness or tingling in one or more parts of your body

A

neuropathies

79
Q

common skin condition that causes a skin rash, dry skin and itchiness

A

eczema

80
Q

noncontagious autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin

A

psoriasis

81
Q
A
82
Q

regulate blood volume and composition, help regulate blood pressure, synthesize glucose, release erythropoietin, participate in Vitamin D synthesis, and excrete wastes by forming urine.

A

kidney

83
Q

transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

A

ureters

84
Q

stores urine

A

urinary bladder

85
Q

discharges urine from the body.

A

urethra

MC 1 LEC (5 decks)

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