FINALS HUHU (URINARY & SENSORY SYSTEM)

Question 1

hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production or red blood cells.

Answer 1

erythropoietin

Question 2

An internal organ that regulates blood volume and composition, helps regulate blood pressure, synthesizes glucose, releases erythropoietin, participates in Vitamin D synthesis, and excretes wastes by forming urine.

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

Which is lower, the right or left kidney?

Answer 3

Right kidney is lower due to size of the liver

Question 4

Deepest layer that helps maintain the shape of the kidney

Answer 4

Renal capsule

Question 5

Surrounds the renal capsule that is composed of fat tissues

Answer 5

Adipose Capsule

Question 6

Anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall and also the outermost layer

Answer 6

Renal fascia

Question 7

Composes the renal medulla

Answer 7

Renal pyramids

Question 8

What part of the renal pyramids are facing the renal hilum?

Answer 8

renal papilla (apex)

Question 9

portions of the cortex that extends toward the renal pyramids.

Answer 9

Renal columns

Question 10

The functional part of the kidney that is composed of the renal pyramids and the renal medulla

Answer 10

Parenchyma

Question 11

creates urine which drains into the large papillary ducts.

Answer 11

Nephrons

Question 12

How many minor and major calyces does the kidney have?

Answer 12

18 minor calyces and 2/3 major calyces

Question 13

This contains part of the renal pelvis, the calyces, and branches of the renal blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 13

Renal Sinus

Question 14

where blood plasma is filtered; lies within the renal cortex

Answer 14

Renal corpuscle

Question 15

surrounds the capillaries of the glomerulus; where blood plasma is filtered

Answer 15

Glomerular capsule / Bowman’s capsule

Question 16

where filtered fluid passes

Answer 16

Renal tubule

Question 17

attached to the glomerular capsule; lies within the renal cortex

Answer 17

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 18

the part that is further away; lies within the renal cortex

Answer 18

Distal convoluted capsule

Question 19

extends into the renal medulla, makes a hairpin turn, and returns to the renal cortex

Answer 19

loop of henle

Question 20

means that the tubule is tightly coild rather than straight

Answer 20

Convoluted

Question 21

In which water and most solutes in vlood plasma move across the wall of glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule and then into the renal tubule.

Answer 21

Glomelular Filtration

Question 22

Filtered fluid flows along the renal tubule and through the collectuing duct, tubule cells reabsorb about 99% of the filtered water and many useful solutes

Answer 22

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 23

fluid flows along the renal tubule and through the collecting duct. The tubule and duct cells secrete other materials, such as wastes, drugs, and excess ions into the fluid.

Answer 23

Tubular secretion

Question 24

Transports urine from the renal pelvis of one kidney to the urinary bladder

Answer 24

Ureters

Question 25

deepest coat of ureter

Answer 25

Mucosa

Question 26

intermediate or middle coat of ureter

Answer 26

Muscularis

Question 27

Superficial coat of ureter

Answer 27

Adventitia

Question 28

Hollow, distensible muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis

Answer 28

Urinary bladder

Question 29

the process of emptying the bladder or the process commonly known as peeing

Answer 29

Voiding or Micturition

Question 30

The 2 valves that control the urine flow

Answer 30

internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter

Question 31

Where is the micturition center located?

Answer 31

S2 and S3 segments of the sacral spinal cord

Question 32

Urine capacity of the bladder until it triggers stretch receptors in the bladder

Answer 32

200ml to 400ml

Question 33

what are the layers of the kidney?

Answer 33

Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia

Question 34

2 regions of the internal kidney

Answer 34

Renal medulla and Renal cortex

Question 35

What calyx receives urine from the papillary ducts?

Answer 35

minor calyx

Question 36

clear layer of the eye; the most exposed part of the eye

Answer 36

Cornea

Question 37

Whites of the eye

Answer 37

Sclera

Question 38

Pigmented part of the eye. Regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the pupils

Answer 38

Iris

Question 39

the opening at the center of the iris through which light passes

Answer 39

pupil

Question 40

innermost sensory layer of the eye

Answer 40

Retina

Question 41

absorb light and prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Answer 41

pigmented layer of retina

Question 42

contains many receptor cells, rods and cones, which respond to light (photoreceptors)

Answer 42

Neural layer of retina

Question 43

Focuses the light entering the eye on the retina

Answer 43

Lens

Question 44

Collects sound waves

Answer 44

outer ear

Question 45

amplifies sound

Answer 45

Inner ear

Question 46

converts sound waves into electrical signals sent to the brain via the auditory nerve

Answer 46

Cochlea

Question 47

The top part of your nose located between your eyebrows, where your nose connects to your face

Answer 47

Nasal root

Question 48

The bottom part of your nose that houses your nostrils and tapers off into a rounded tip.

Answer 48

Nasal apex

Question 49

The middle part of your nose, between your nasal root and nasal apex.

Answer 49

Nasal dorsum

Question 50

tiny, hairlike structures trap dirt and particles. Then, they move those particles toward your nostrils, and eventually out of your body

Answer 50

Cilia

Question 51

hollow spaces where air flows in and out

Answer 51

Nasal cavities

Question 52

These cells communicate with your brain and give you your sense of smell.

Answer 52

Nerve cells

Question 53

holes that lead to your nasal cavities.

Answer 53

nostrils

Question 54

air-filled pockets connect to your nasal cavities. They produce the mucus that keeps your nose moist.

Answer 54

Paranasal sinuses

Question 55

the bone and cartilage that separate your nasal cavities.

Answer 55

Septum

Question 56

These folds warm and moisten air after you breathe it in. They also aid in nasal drainage.

Answer 56

Turbinates (conchae)

Question 57

Taste receptors detect flavors and send signals to the brain via cranial nerves

Answer 57

Tongue

Question 58

What are the flavors that can be detected by the tongue?

Answer 58

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

Question 59

Contains receptors for touch, temperature, and pain.

Answer 59

skin

Question 60

the process by which a sensory cell converts an external stimulus into an electrical signal, or action potential, that is transmitted to the brain.

Answer 60

Sensory transduction

Question 61

Sensory transduction in the eyes

Answer 61

photoreceptors in the retina

Question 62

Sensory transduction in the ears

Answer 62

hair cells in cochlea

Question 63

Sensory transduction in the nose

Answer 63

olfactory receptors

Question 64

Sensory transduction in the tongue

Answer 64

taste receptors

Question 65

Sensory transduction in the skin

Answer 65

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors

Question 66

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information from the environment and body to enable effective use of the body.

Answer 66

information processing

Question 67

the primary information-processing center of the body, and it uses multiple sensory inputs to create usable outputs.

Answer 67

Brain

Question 68

The brain regions responsible for sensory transduction and information processing

Answer 68

sensory cortex, parietal lobe, thalamus

Question 69

a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve.

Answer 69

Glaucoma

Question 70

the loss of lens transparency cause vision to become hazy and distorted

Answer 70

cataracts

Question 71

is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field

Answer 71

macular degenration

Question 72

Hearing loss of any degree

Answer 72

Deafness

Question 73

Ruptured eardrum

Answer 73

Osteroclerosis

Question 74

a condition when a person hears a ringing sound or a different variety of sounds when no corresponding external sound is present and other people cannot hear it.

Answer 74

Tinnitus

Question 75

Partial or full loss of smell

Answer 75

Anosmia

Question 76

Inflammation of the sinus

Answer 76

Chronic sinusitis

Question 77

Complete loss of taste

Answer 77

Ageusia

Question 78

nerve damage leads to pain, weakness, numbness or tingling in one or more parts of your body

Answer 78

neuropathies

Question 79

common skin condition that causes a skin rash, dry skin and itchiness

Answer 79

eczema

Question 80

noncontagious autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin

Answer 80

psoriasis

Question 82

regulate blood volume and composition, help regulate blood pressure, synthesize glucose, release erythropoietin, participate in Vitamin D synthesis, and excrete wastes by forming urine.

Answer 82

kidney

Question 83

transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Answer 83

ureters

Question 84

stores urine

Answer 84

urinary bladder

Question 85

discharges urine from the body.

Answer 85

urethra