Finals Exam Flashcards
What is Boyle’s law?
The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. (Pressure up, volume down. Pressure down, volume up)
What is Charles’s law?
If the pressure is constant, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to temperature. (Temperature up, volume up. Temperature down, volume down)
What is Guy Lussac’s law?
Volume is constant, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. (Temperature up, pressure up. Temperature down, pressure down.)
What is Daltons Law?
Non reacting gaseous mixture, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
How to calculate Dalton’s law?
[partial pressure (oxygen) + partial pressure (nitrogen)] = total atmospheric pressure.
What is sea level pressure?
760
How to calculate PAO2?
(FIO2 x atmospheric pressure)
How do you calculate changes in fio2 due to elevation changes?
PAO2/ atmospheric pressure @ destination
What is Henry’s law?
The solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure. (Partial pressure up, solubility up. Partial pressure down, solubility down)
What law is the reason PEEP matters?
Henry’s law
What is Grahams law?
The rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane is inversely proportional to its total molecular mass and directly proportional to its solubility.
(Big stuff don’t fit in small holes. Larger gas molecules will take longer to diffuse across a membrane.)
What is barobariotrauma?
Condition where bariatric patients have large amounts of nitrogen dissolve out of their fat tissue upon ascent to lower atmospheric pressures.
What is barosinusitis?
Inflammation of the sinuses during pressure change.
When does barisinusitis typically occur?
Typically during ascent
What is barodontalgia?
Toothache caused by elevation changes
When does barodontalgia typically occur?
Ascent
What is barotitis media?
Failure if the middle ear to equalize to changing atmospheric pressures
When does barotitis media typically occur?
Descent
What is hypoxic hypoxia?
Type of hypoxia that occurs at altitude. Caused by lack of oxygen.
What is histotoxic hypoxia?
Something is preventing normal uptake or used of oxygen by cells despite adequate delivery
What are the 2 most common causes for histotoxic hypoxia?
Cyanide poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning
How do you tell the difference between cyanide and carbon monoxide poisoning?
Cyanide- produced by burning synthetics (carpet/plastics) can cause pulmonary edema.
CO- possible to be produced during combustion of most things, very likely in combustion of hydrocarbons. Should not produce pulmonary edema
What is hypemic hypoxia?
Hypoxia caused by inadequate oxygen delivery due to anemia.
When do you transfused PRBC’s?
Hemoglobin under 7.
1 unit of PRBC causes what coags change?
Hemoglobin to go up by 1 and hematocrit to go up by 3.
What is stagnant hypoxia?
The lack of blood flow caused by excessive G-forces.
Normal PIP?
20-25. Less than 40
Normal tidal volume?
6-8 CC/KG of IBW
How to calculate IBW?
Men: 50 + (2.3 x inches over 5ft)
Women: 45 + (2.3 x inches over 5ft)
Normal Pplat?
Less than 30
Normal PEEP?
3-5
What does PEEP do to vitals?
Increase O2, but drop BP
Normal RR?
12-20
What does f stand for?
Frequency (number of breaths.)
Normal I-Time?
Adults: 1 second
Infants: 0.3 seconds
Normal HCO3?
22-26
Normal PaCO2?
35-45
Normal pH?
7.35-7.45
Normal PaO2?
80-100
How do you sedate an asthmatic patient on a vent?
Ketamine
What is Succinylcholine?
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
What does succinylcholine target?
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the post synapse
Does for Succinylcholine?
1-2 mg/kg
What Can succinylcholine cause?
Fasciculations, malignant hyperthermia
Contraindications for succinylcholine?
Anything that causes Hyper K, crush injuries, Burns, renal failure. Any neuromuscular autoimmune disorders (ALS, MS, MG)
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene/ dantrium
What is rocuronium?
Non- depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.
Dose of Rocuronium?
1 Mg/kg
What is vecuronium?
Non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
What is the dose of Vecuronium?
0.1 Mg/kg
Normal capno ranges?
35-45
What capnography wave form would you see for bronchospasms?
Shark fin
What do you do in event of a crash?
Ensure proper safety restraints, turn off oxygen, knees to chest, follow pilot commands
What do you do immediately after a crash?
Follow pilot commands, exit immediately
What is the number 1 survival priority after a crash?
Seek shelter
What is the ELT (Emergency Location Transmitter) frequency?
121.5 MHZ
Who is in charge of search and rescue with a downed aircraft?
Civil air patrol under the US Air Force
What is the pitot tube?
Used to measure fluid flow and Velocity
When is there a sterile cockpit?
Take off, landing or emergency procedures
Levels of atmosphere?
Troposphere- stratosphere- mesosphere
What is the troposphere?
Clouds and rain visible in this region. Most flights occur in this region, commercial airlines fly in the upper portion of this region.
What is the appropriate minimum weather conditions for day non mountainous?
800 feet and 2 miles
What is the appropriate minimum weather conditions for day mountainous?
800 feet and 3 miles
What is the appropriate minimum weather conditions for night non mountainous?
800 feet and 3 miles
What is the appropriate minimum weather conditions for night mountainous?
1000 feet and 3 miles
What are NVG’s?
Night vision goggles
What are NVG’s used for?
utilized for improved visualization during low light scenarios.
Minimum candlepower for helicopter spotlight?
400,000
How often should helmets be checked?
Once per year minimum
Lasers and aircraft’s?
Reports show lasers pointed at aircraft’s increase crash risk
Inferior MI affects what leads?
Elevation in 2, 3, AVF
Depression in 1, AVL
What artery is affected in an Inferior MI?
RCA. Sometimes PDA
If inferior MI is present with RVI you should do?
Administer fluids
What leads are effected in Anterior MI?
Elevation in V3, V4
