Finals Critical Care Part 1 Flashcards
- What is the mechanism of injury (MOI)?
The method by which a person is injured.
- What branch of mechanics is helpful in understanding trauma?
Kinetics.
- What is the most significant factor in determining the amount of kinetic energy?
Velocity.
- What does the law of inertia state?
A body at rest remains at rest, and a body in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
- What are the three types of impacts in a vehicle collision?
Vehicle collision, body collision, and organ collision.
- What does a deformed steering wheel indicate in a collision?
Possible chest or abdominal injury.
- What is “Paper Bag Syndrome”?
Chest compression against the steering column causing lung damage.
- What injuries are common in a down-and-under pathway?
Injuries to knees, femurs, hips, acetabulum, and spine.
- What injury is reduced by a properly adjusted headrest in a rear-end collision?
Neck injury.
- What is a frequent outcome in rollover crashes for unrestrained occupants?
Multisystem trauma.
- What injuries are common in vehicle-pedestrian collisions?
Head, chest, abdomen, and extremities injuries depending on speed and impact points.
- What is the benefit of seat belts in collisions?
They reduce the risk of severe injury, though they can cause specific hidden injuries.
- How do motorcycle collisions typically result in injury?
Through impacts such as head-on collisions or angular impacts.
- What factors determine the severity of falls?
Distance, surface, and the body part that impacts first.
- What defines a severe fall in adults?
A fall of greater than 20 feet.
- What are the two main classifications of trauma?
Blunt trauma and penetrating trauma.
- What factors influence damage caused by gunshot wounds?
Trajectory, energy dissipation, and velocity.
- What is the primary injury in blast injuries?
Pressure wave injury.
- What is the “Golden Period” in trauma care?
The critical time to provide intervention for the best chance of survival.
- What is the “Platinum 10 Minutes” guideline?
Limit on-scene time to 10 minutes for severely injured patients.
- What is the purpose of a trauma system?
To provide immediate surgical intervention for critically injured patients.
- What is a Level 1 trauma center?
A regional center with the highest capabilities for trauma care.
- What is START triage?
A rapid system to categorize patients during mass-casualty incidents.
- What are the four categories of START triage?
Immediate (red), Delayed (yellow), Minimal (green), and Dead (black).
- What does the mnemonic “30-2-can do” represent in START triage?
Respiratory rate >30, capillary refill <2 seconds, and the ability to follow commands.
- What is the main focus of prehospital trauma care?
Personal safety, airway management, bleeding control, and rapid transport.
- What are the common injuries in frontal impacts?
Head, chest, abdominal, and lower extremity injuries.
- How does kinetic energy change during impact?
It transfers to other forms, causing damage.
- What is multisystem trauma?
Injuries involving multiple body systems with high morbidity and mortality.
- What are secondary injuries in blast trauma?
Injuries caused by projectiles and debris.
- What are tertiary injuries in blast trauma?
Injuries from being propelled by blast wind.
- What are quaternary injuries in blast trauma?
Injuries from exposure to hazardous materials or structural collapse.
- What is the purpose of rapid transport in trauma care?
To ensure timely surgical and critical care.
- What is the first step in START triage?
Direct ambulatory patients to a safe area.
- Why are helmet laws critical for motorcycle riders?
They significantly reduce head injuries.
- What injuries occur from improperly worn lap belts?
Abdominal and chest injuries.
- What is cavitation in gunshot trauma?
The path of energy causing a larger wound than the bullet itself.
- What does a cracked windshield indicate?
Possible head or chest impact.
- Why is energy dissipation important in assessing trauma?
It determines the extent of tissue damage.
- What injuries occur from falls landing feet-first?
Spinal, lower extremity, and internal organ injuries.
- What injuries occur from falls landing head-first?
Head, neck, chest, and upper extremity injuries.
- What are the risks in unrestrained rollover crash occupants?
Unpredictable injury patterns and multisystem trauma.
- Why is airway management a priority in trauma care?
To ensure oxygenation and ventilation.
- What is the role of telemetry data in vehicle collisions?
To assess the risk of injury.
- What does the “walking wounded” category indicate?
Patients with minor injuries who can wait for treatment.
- What are signs of significant blood loss?
Hypotension, tachycardia, and altered mental status.
- What are common injuries in lateral impacts?
Head, chest, pelvis, and femur injuries.
- How do airbags reduce injury?
By absorbing impact forces during collisions.
- What is the importance of assessing MOI?
To predict potential injuries for targeted care.
- What is the goal of trauma triage criteria?
To prioritize transport to appropriate trauma centers.
