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4th Year PRELIMS > Transcultural > Flashcards

Transcultural Flashcards

1
Q

__________ Indicate several concepts embedded
in phenomena

A

Construct

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2
Q

Essential human need and the essence of nursing

A

Caring

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3
Q

A caring profession that provide knowledge and skilled care to clients

A

Nursing

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4
Q

Abstracts or concrete phenomenon
related to assisting enabling
experiences or behaviors for others
with evidence for anticipated needs to
ameliorate or improve a human
condition

A

Care or
Caring

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5
Q

Characterized to assist, support or
enable another human being; group to
achieve one’s desired goal to obtain
assistance with certain human needs

A

Human
care

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6
Q

Action aspect or activities to provide
service to other human being

A

Human
caring

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7
Q

learned, shared transmitted knowledge of
values beliefs, norms lifeways of a particular group
that is generally transmitted intergenerationally and
influence thinking, decisions and action patterned
ways

A

CULTURE

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8
Q

refers to subgroups who deviate in
certain ways from dominant culture in values, beliefs,
norms, moral codes, and ways of living with some
distinctive features that characterize their unique
lifeways

A

SUBCULTURE

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9
Q

Features of Culture

A
  • reflect shared cultural values ideals meanings that guide human thoughts, decisions and
    actions.
  • influenced by group and symbols
  • Human cultures have material items, symbols such
    as artifacts, objects, mode of dress and actions.
  • have traditional ceremonial practices
  • Members of Culture have emic or local (insiders view)
    and knowledge about their culture that are extremely
    important for nurses to discover
  • All Cultures have some intercultural variations
    between and within cultures
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10
Q

emic vs etic

A

emic approach ensures culturally sensitive care by understanding the patient’s cultural specifics, while an etic approach ensures the application of universal health practices

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11
Q

refers to variations and differences among and between cultural groups and resulting from differences in lifeways, language, values, norms, expressions, and other cultural aspects

A

Culture Diversity

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12
Q

Powerful internal and external directive forces that
give meaning and order to the thinking decisions and
actions of individual or group

A

CULTURAL VALUES

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13
Q

One’s universe is one’s constituted, centered upon
and functions from one-culture perspective and
reflects excessive ethnocentrism

A

UNICULTURALISM

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14
Q

there are many different cultures and subcultures in the world that need to be recognized and valued, and
understood for their differences and similarities

A

MULTICULTURALISM

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15
Q

Position that Cultures are unique and must be
evaluated, judged and helped according to their own particular values and standards

A

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

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16
Q

Inability of an individual to understand another
culture mainly because of an inability to recognize or
see one’s own lifestyle, values, and modes of acting
those based largely or prejudice and ethnocentric and biased tendencies

A

CULTURAL BLINDNESS

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17
Q

Individual who is disoriented or unable to respond
appropriately to another person or situation because
the new lifeways are so strange and unfamiliar

A

CULTURE SHOCK

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18
Q

Process of being raised within a culture and
acquiring the characteristics of that group

A

SOCIALIZATION

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19
Q

Belief that one’s own way are the best, most
superior, or preferred way to act, believe or
behave.

A

ETHNOCENTRISM

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20
Q

IT IS ESSENTIAL TO TRANSCULTURAL
NURSING:

A
  • Learn to value ,appreciate and understand
    why other cultures do and act differently
  • Knowledge and awareness of other’s
  • Beliefs that seem bizarre or strange may be common and important to one culture
    but differ greatly from other cultures
  • Strong ethnocentric views that can not be acted on can be harmful to other cultures
    and can limit professional growth and success
  • Modifying or changing one’s own strong beliefs is often essential for an effective
    professional relationship with clients staff and organizational systems
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21
Q

Tendency of an individual or group to impose their beliefs ,values ,and patterns of behavior on another culture for varied reasons

A

CULTURAL IMPOSITION

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22
Q

a major serious and largely unrecognized problem in
nursing as major unrecognized problem in
nursing as a result of cultural ignorance , blindness ,ethnocentric biases , racism and
other factors

A

Cultural imposition

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23
Q

experiencing pain because nurses and physicians failed to recognize their cultural
needs discomforts or prohibitions (taboos)

A

CULTURAL PAIN

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24
Q

Firm position or stance that one’s own
values and beliefs must govern the
situation or decisions

A

CULTURAL BIAS

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25
Q

The member of a minority group is forced to
learn the new culture to survive

A

ACCULTURATION

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26
Q

The process by which an individual
develops a new cultural identity

A

ASSIMILATION

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27
Q

belief that members of one race are
superior to those of others

A

Racism

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28
Q

belief that members of one gender are
superior to the other gender ;

A

Sexism

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29
Q

Belief that everyone should be heterosexual, and that is best normal and
superior

A

Heterosexism

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30
Q

Members of one age group are superior to
that of other ages

A

Ageism

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31
Q

morbid fears of strangers

A

Xenophobia

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32
Q

preconceived attitudes ,ideas , beliefs or
opinions about individual group that limit
understanding of individual group or culture

A

Prejudice

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33
Q

overt or covert actions or ways that limit
opportunities ,choices or life experiences of
others based on feelings or racial biases

A

Discrimination

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34
Q

identifying or placing people into a narrow
,fixed view with rigid or “boxlike”
characteristics

A

Stereotyping

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35
Q

Negative feedback hostile responses unfavorable outcomes associated with
ignoring ,disrespecting cultural values ,beliefs ,practices or taboos.

A

CULTURAL BACKLASH

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36
Q

Becoming too involved ,overly sympathetic
,or too compassionate

A

CULTURAL OVERIDENTIFICATION

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37
Q

A means to highlight and address the relationship and effect of power relations
,racism prejudice ,social inequality and discrimination in the health of minority
groups

A

CULTURAL SAFETY

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38
Q

Biological , physical expressions in different
physical environment or cultural contexts
related to care ,health illness and disability

A

BIO-CULTURALISM

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39
Q

Specific care ,health ,illness ,disease
conditions that are particularly unique and
specific to a designated culture
geographical area .

A

CULTURE BOUND ILLNESS OR SYNDROME

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40
Q

It is an employment that respects the
fundamental rights of the human person as
well as the rights of workers in terms of
conditions of work safety and renumeration,
respect for the physical and mental integrity
of the worker in the exercise of his/her
employment

A

Decent work

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41
Q

__________ should develop a
person’s personality and the
professional career

A

decent work

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42
Q

provides productive employment with fair income, workplace security, social protection, opportunities for personal development, and social integration. It ensures freedom to express concerns, participate in decision-making, and promotes equality of opportunity and treatment for all individuals

A

decent work (international labor organization)

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43
Q

Four objectives of International Labor
Organization’s decent work

A
  • To create jobs
  • To provide guarantee in worker’s rights and
    rights at work
  • To extend social protection to workers of all
    categories
  • To help workers in resolutions in conflicts
    and promotion of social dialogue
44
Q

Will not be fired immediately, unless you
violate rules
➔ They enjoy the benefit of security of tenure
➔ You will have the job, unless, you resign
➔ After retirement, there will be
compensations

A

Regular or permanent employment

45
Q

What is probationary employment under Article 281?

A

Probationary employment allows an employer to assess if an employee is suitable for regular employment. It should not exceed six (6) months. After this period, if the employee continues working, they automatically become a regular employee.

46
Q

What happens if an employee continues working beyond the probationary period?

A

If the employee continues working beyond the six-month probationary period without termination or regularization, they automatically become a regular employee with full benefits and security of tenure.

47
Q

What are the grounds for terminating a probationary employee?

A

A probationary employee may be terminated for failing to meet the standards set by the employer or for just causes such as gross misconduct or habitual neglect under Article 282 of the Labor Code.

48
Q

What is fixed-term employment?

A

Fixed-term employment refers to an arrangement where an employee renders service for a definite period, and the employment contract ends when the specified period expires.

49
Q

What is project employment?

A

Project employment is when an employee is hired for a specific project or task. The employment duration depends on the project’s length. An employee can become a regular worker if continuously rehired for tasks vital to the employer’s business.

50
Q

What is seasonal employment?

A

Seasonal employment occurs when work is only available during certain times of the year, such as peak retail seasons. Employees may be temporarily suspended during off-seasons but are re-employed when the season resumes.

51
Q

What is casual employment?

A

Casual employment refers to work that is irregular and not necessary to the employer’s usual business. However, after one year of service, the employee is considered regular concerning the activities they perform.

52
Q

What is Article 83 about?

A

Article 83 sets the normal hours of work at eight (8) hours a day. Any work beyond this requires an overtime arrangement, and the employee is entitled to additional compensation.

53
Q

What is Article 85 regarding meal periods?

A

Employers must provide employees with at least a 60-minute meal break during work hours. Short rest periods during work time are counted as hours worked.

54
Q

What is night shift differential under Article 86?

A

Employees who work between 10 PM and 6 AM are entitled to a night shift differential of at least 10% of their regular wage for each hour worked during this period.

55
Q

What is overtime work under Article 87?

A

Work performed beyond eight (8) hours a day entitles employees to overtime pay, which is their regular wage plus at least 25%. For overtime on holidays or rest days, an additional 30% is required.

56
Q

What does Article 88 state about undertime?

A

Undertime work on any day cannot be offset by overtime work on another day. Employers cannot balance out undertime hours with overtime hours.

57
Q

What is emergency overtime work under Article 89?

A

Emergency overtime work is required when there is an imminent threat to life or property, such as during natural disasters, serious accidents, or urgent work to prevent business loss. Employees must be compensated for this overtime.

58
Q

What is Article 90 about?

A

Article 90 states that additional compensation for overtime is computed based on the employee’s regular wage, which includes only the cash wage and not the value of employer-provided facilities.

59
Q

What does Article 91 guarantee?

A

Article 91 guarantees employees a rest day of at least 24 consecutive hours after six (6) consecutive days of work. Employers must respect an employee’s preference for a rest day based on religious grounds.

60
Q

When can an employer require work on a rest day under Article 92?

A

Employers may require work on rest days in cases of emergencies, urgent work, or when necessary to prevent loss of life, damage to property, or loss of perishable goods.

61
Q

What does Article 93 state about compensation for work on rest days?

A

Employees who work on their rest day must be paid an additional 30% of their regular wage. If the work is done on a special holiday that falls on their rest day, they are entitled to 50% more of their regular wage.

62
Q

What is the right to holiday pay under Article 94?

A

Article 94 states that employees are entitled to their regular daily wage on regular holidays. If required to work on a holiday, they are entitled to twice their regular rate.

63
Q

What is service incentive leave under Article 95?

A

Employees who have worked for at least one year are entitled to five (5) days of service incentive leave with pay each year. This leave can be used for vacation or sick days.

64
Q

How is overtime pay calculated for regular workdays?

A

Overtime Pay = (Hourly rate) + (Hourly rate × 25%)

65
Q

How is overtime pay calculated for work done on holidays or rest days?

A

Holiday Overtime Pay = (Hourly rate) + (Hourly rate × 30%)

66
Q

How do you calculate night shift differential pay?

A

Night Shift Differential Pay = (Hourly rate) × 10% × Number of hours worked

67
Q

How do you calculate overtime pay for night shifts?

A

Overtime Pay (Night Shift) = [(Hourly rate × 25%) + Hourly rate] + (Hourly rate × 10%)

68
Q

How is holiday pay calculated when no work is performed?

A

Holiday Pay = Daily wage × 100%

69
Q

How is holiday pay calculated when work is performed on a holiday?

A

Holiday Pay = (Daily wage × 200%)

70
Q

How is overtime pay on holidays calculated?

A

Overtime Pay (Holiday) = (Hourly rate × 200%) + (Hourly rate × 30%)

71
Q

How is special non-working holiday pay calculated?

A

Special Holiday Pay = (Hourly rate × 130%)

72
Q

What is the pay for work on a special non-working holiday that also falls on a rest day?

A
73
Q

How do you calculate overtime on a special holiday?

A

Overtime Pay (Special Holiday) = (Hourly rate × 130%) + (Hourly rate × 30%)

74
Q

What is service incentive leave (SIL)?

A

Service Incentive Leave is a leave benefit for employees who have rendered at least one year of service, entitling them to five (5) days of leave with pay per year. This can be used for vacation or sick leave.

75
Q

Who is exempted from the service incentive leave benefit?

A
  • Already enjoy at least five (5) days of vacation leave with pay.
  • Work for establishments with less than ten (10) employees.
  • Are employed by firms exempted by the Secretary of Labor.
76
Q

What is the maternity leave benefit?

A

Under the Expanded Maternity Leave Law, female employees are entitled to 105 days of paid maternity leave for live childbirth, with an additional 15 days if they are solo parents. They may also avail of 60 days for miscarriage or emergency termination of pregnancy.

77
Q

What is the paternity leave benefit?

A

Under Republic Act No. 8187, male employees are entitled to seven (7) days of paid paternity leave for the first four deliveries of their legitimate spouse.

78
Q

What is the parental leave for solo parents?

A

Solo parents are entitled to seven (7) days of parental leave per year under Republic Act No. 8972 (Solo Parents’ Welfare Act), provided they have rendered at least one year of service.

79
Q

What is special leave for women under the Magna Carta of Women?

A

Female employees who undergo surgery due to gynecological disorders are entitled to a special leave benefit of two (2) months with full pay under Republic Act No. 9710 (Magna Carta of Women).

80
Q

What is the bereavement leave policy?

A

There is no mandatory bereavement leave under Philippine law, but some companies offer this benefit, which allows employees to take paid leave when a family member passes away.

81
Q

What is sick leave?

A

Sick leave is not mandatory under the law unless provided by company policy. Many employers offer paid sick leave as part of their benefits package to support employees during illness.

82
Q

What is vacation leave?

A

Vacation leave is not mandated by Philippine law, but employers may provide it as part of their company policy. It allows employees to take time off with pay for personal or recreational reasons.

83
Q

What is leave for victims of violence against women and children?

A

Under Republic Act No. 9262, women victims of violence are entitled to ten (10) days of paid leave to attend to medical, legal, or other concerns related to the abuse.

84
Q

What is the lactation break policy?

A

Female employees are entitled to lactation breaks of at least 40 minutes per eight-hour shift to express breast milk, in addition to meal periods and rest breaks.

85
Q

What is special leave for government employees?

A

Government employees in the Philippines are entitled to special leave privileges, such as three (3) days of leave per year for personal milestones or emergency situations, under Civil Service rules.

86
Q

What is the study leave benefit for government employees?

A

Government employees who have served for at least two (2) years may avail of study leave for up to six (6) months with pay to pursue further education, under certain conditions.

87
Q

A specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1919 that focuses on promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights.

A

International Labour Organization (ILO)

88
Q

What are the four strategic objectives of the ILO?

A
  1. Set and promote standards and fundamental principles and rights at work
  2. Create greater opportunities for women and men to decent employment and income
  3. Enhance social protection for all
  4. Strengthen tripartism and social dialogue.
89
Q

What are the core labor standards reflected in ILO’s Fundamental Conventions?

A
  1. Freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining
  2. Elimination of forced labor
  3. Abolition of child labor
  4. Elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation.
90
Q

What does “Decent Work” involve according to the ILO?

A

Employment that is productive, provides fair income, workplace security, social protection for families, prospects for personal development, social integration, and equal opportunities.

91
Q

What does the ILO’s promotion of social protection include?

A

Basic income security, healthcare access, maternity benefits, pensions, and other social insurance programs.

92
Q

What is tripartism in the context of the ILO?

A

A structure that brings together governments, employers, and workers to ensure collective decision-making in labor-related policies and issues.

93
Q

What does the ILO aim to eliminate under its core objectives?

A

All forms of forced labor and child labor.

94
Q

How does the ILO work towards promoting equal opportunities and non-discrimination?

A

By promoting legislation and practices that combat discrimination in the workplace and ensuring equal pay for work of equal value.

95
Q

What are the ILO’s efforts in occupational health and safety?

A

The ILO develops standards to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses and establishes norms for occupational health and safety.

96
Q

How does the ILO support sustainable economic growth and employment?

A

By advocating for policies that promote sustainable development, inclusive economies, and the creation of employment opportunities

97
Q

What is the primary focus of Leininger’s Culture Care Theory?

A

The focus is on providing culturally congruent care for individuals, families, groups, or communities to improve health, well-being, or during the process of dying.

98
Q

What is the central aim of Leininger’s Culture Care Theory?

A

To provide culturally congruent care that enhances the health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities, or supports a peaceful death.

99
Q

What role do cultural values and beliefs play in Leininger’s Culture Care Theory?

A

They significantly influence care expressions, patterns, and practices, impacting how individuals experience health, illness, and care.

100
Q

According to Leininger’s theory, how can healthcare providers achieve culturally congruent care?

A

By understanding and respecting cultural dimensions, such as beliefs, language, and social factors, and adjusting care practices accordingly.

101
Q

What does “Culture Care Repatterning/Restructuring” involve in Leininger’s model?

A

It involves changing or restructuring healthcare practices to better align with a patient’s cultural needs while still promoting health and well-being.

102
Q

In Leininger’s model, how do environmental context and ethnohistory influence healthcare?

A

They shape how individuals interpret illness and health, influencing their care preferences and practices.

103
Q

What are some factors that influence care patterns and practices in Leininger’s Culture Care Theory?

A

Factors such as kinship and social relationships, religion, economics, politics, education, technology, and the environment.

104
Q

What does “Culture Care Accommodation/Negotiation” mean in the context of this theory?

A

It refers to modifying or negotiating care practices to fit the cultural needs of the patient while maintaining the effectiveness of care.

105
Q

How does the concept of worldview function in Leininger’s Culture Care Theory?

A

Worldview influences how individuals and communities perceive and experience health, illness, and care, guiding their healthcare decisions and practices.

106
Q

What are the three modes of nursing actions that promote culturally congruent care in Leininger’s model?

A

Culture Care Preservation/Maintenance, Culture Care Accommodation/Negotiation, and Culture Care Repatterning/Restructuring.

4th Year PRELIMS (9 decks)

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