Disaster Midterm Flashcards
What does Emergency Care encompass?
Provision of first-contact care, comprehensive care, and gate-keeping.
Emergency Care is an integral part of what?
Universal Health Care (UHC).
Emergency Care is considered a what
Health human right.
Who emphasized Emergency Care as a human right?
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights & WHO.
Emergency Care should be provided without?
Discrimination.
What is the legal framework for Emergency Care in the Philippines?
FOURmula One Plus For Health (F1 Plus For Health).
F1 Plus For Health envisions Filipinos as what by 2040?
Among the healthiest in Asia.
Define Triage
Brief assessment to prioritize patient care based on illness, severity, prognosis, and resources.
What is Arrival Time?
The first contact between patient and ED staff.
Define Waiting Time.
Time between arrival and initial medical assessment/treatment.
What is the ideal recording accuracy of medical assessment time?
Within the nearest minute.
Maximum duration for Assessment and Treatment Time?
Not more than 4 hours from initial assessment.
What is Access Block?
Prolonged ED stay due to lack of inpatient bed capacity.
What duration defines an Access Block?
More than 8 hours in the ED.
What framework focuses on Disaster Risk Reduction?
Sendai Framework.
Duration of Sendai Framework implementation?
2015 - 2030.
Main goal of Sendai Framework?
Substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses.
What department is key in disaster times under F1 Plus?
Emergency Department
1st Priority of Sendai Framework?
Understanding disaster risk.
2nd Priority of Sendai Framework?
Strengthening disaster risk governance.
3rd Priority of Sendai Framework?
Investing in disaster risk reduction.
4th Priority of Sendai Framework?
Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response.
What is a Complex Humanitarian Emergency?
Crisis with breakdown of authority due to conflict, disaster, or epidemics.
What often accompanies Complex Humanitarian Emergencies?
Displacement and lack of access to health care.
What is a key component of Disaster Nursing?
Emergency preparedness and response.
What are the 4 phases of Disaster Management?
Prevention, Preparedness, Response, Recovery.
RA 10121 is known as?
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.
What is the role of nurses in disaster situations?
Provide care, promote safety, and assist in recovery.
What is Disaster Nursing?
Specialized field focusing on health needs during disasters.
The goal of Disaster Nursing is to?
Prevent and minimize health hazards during disasters.
What does ICS stand for in disaster management?
Incident Command System.
Purpose of Incident Command System?
Standardized approach for emergency response coordination.
Key principle of ICS?
Unity of command.
What is Surge Capacity?
Ability to manage a sudden increase in patient volume.
What is Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)?
Event with large number of casualties overwhelming resources.
What does START in triage stand for?
Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment.
Color code for Immediate Priority in Triage?
Red.
Color code for Delayed Priority?
Yellow.
Color code for Minimal Priority?
Green
Color code for Expectant/Deceased
Black
Nurses should promote what in Disaster Management?
Community resilience.
Ethical principle in Disaster Nursing?
Justice and equity in resource allocation.
Preparedness includes what activities?
Drills, education, resource planning.
Main challenge in Disaster Response?
Coordination of multi-sectoral resources.
What does the 4C’s stand for in Disaster Nursing?
Command, Control, Communication, Coordination
What is the purpose of Command in 4C’s?
It refers to the Incident Command System (ICS) for clear structure, roles, and authority during disasters.
What does Control in 4C’s focus on?
It focuses on setting goals and directing the team towards them during a surge.
What is emphasized in Communication in the 4C’s?
Communication with external partners like EMS, law enforcement, and healthcare systems.
Why is Coordination important in 4C’s?
It ensures collaboration between multiple facilities for patient management.
What does the 4S’s stand for?
Space, Staff, Supplies, System
In the 4S’s, what does Space refer to?
Allocation of areas for patient care, including converting non-traditional spaces.
What are examples of Space conversion during a surge?
Lobby for triage, gym for cots, OR for ICU, conference room for trauma care.
What should be done with outpatient appointments during a surge?
They may be cancelled to prioritize emergency patients.
What is the purpose of a discharge holding area?
To temporarily accommodate patients awaiting discharge.
A global strategy for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030.
Sendai Framework
What are the 4 Priorities of Sendai Framework?
Understanding disaster risk
Strengthening disaster risk governance
Investing in disaster risk reduction
Enhancing disaster preparedness and recovery
What is Complex Humanitarian Emergency?
A situation with multiple emergencies like conflict, displacement, famine, and epidemics.
What is an All-Hazards Approach?
Preparation for any type of hazard — natural or man-made.
What are the main roles of a nurse in disaster management?
Preparedness, Response, Recovery, and Mitigation.
What is the role of a nurse in Preparedness?
Participate in drills, educate the community, and prepare emergency kits.
What is the role of a nurse during Response?
Provide first aid, triage, and emotional support.
What is the nurse’s responsibility in Recovery?
Help in restoring community health and preventing disease outbreaks.
What ethical principle guides disaster nursing?
Do the greatest good for the greatest number.
What is a challenge in disaster nursing ethics?
Scarcity of resources vs. patient needs.
Who is in charge in ICS?
Incident Commander
What is essential in evacuation planning?
Clear routes, transportation, and communication.
What is the nurse’s role in evacuation?
Assist vulnerable populations like the elderly and disabled.
What should be in an emergency kit?
Water, food, first aid kit, flashlight, batteries, important documents.
What is the key to effective disaster communication?
Clarity, consistency, and timely dissemination of information.
What is MCI?
An event that overwhelms the available medical resources.
What are the 4 Phases of Disaster?
Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery
What is Health Emergency Management?
Coordinating healthcare delivery during disaster situations.
Who are considered vulnerable in disasters?
Children, elderly, pregnant women, persons with disabilities.
What skills are critical for disaster nurses?
Assessment, triage, communication, crisis management.
What is an example of a physical hazard?
Structural collapse during earthquakes.
What is an example of a biological hazard?
Disease outbreak after flooding.
What is an example of a chemical hazard?
Toxic gas leaks in industrial accidents.
What is an example of a radiological hazard?
Exposure to radiation after a nuclear plant accident.
What is a nursing responsibility for environmental health?
Ensure safe water supply and sanitation in evacuation centers.
An event where the number of casualties exceeds the available resources of healthcare providers, requiring special management and triage.
Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)
What are examples of Mass Casualty Incidents?
Natural disasters, transportation accidents, terrorist attacks, explosions, pandemics, or industrial accidents.
What is the main goal in an MCI?
To do the greatest good for the greatest number of people by prioritizing care based on severity.
What are the phases of response in MCI?
Pre-incident Phase — Preparedness and planning
Incident Phase — Triage, rescue, treatment
Post-incident Phase — Recovery, debriefing, psychological care, evaluation
What is included in MCI preparedness?
Regular drills and simulations
Emergency response plans
First aid and basic life support training
Stockpiling medical supplies
Coordination with local and national disaster response agencies
An international agreement that guides disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts from 2015 to 2030, aiming to reduce disaster losses in lives, health, and economy.
Sendai Framework
What is the main goal of the Sendai Framework?
To prevent new disaster risks, reduce existing risks, and strengthen resilience for sustainable development.
how many Priority Areas does the Sendai Framework have?
Four (4) Priority Areas for Action.
What is Priority 1 of the Sendai Framework?
Understanding disaster risk — improving knowledge of hazards, vulnerabilities, and exposure to enhance risk management.
What is Priority 2 of the Sendai Framework?
Strengthening disaster risk governance — promoting policies, strategies, and coordination for effective disaster risk management.
What is Priority 3 of the Sendai Framework?
Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience — allocating resources in structural and non-structural measures to prevent and mitigate disaster risks.
What is Priority 4 of the Sendai Framework?
Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
What are the 7 Global Targets of the Sendai Framework?
Reduce disaster mortality
Reduce the number of affected people
Reduce economic losses
Reduce damage to critical infrastructure
Increase DRR strategies
Enhance international cooperation
Increase availability of early warning systems
How long is the implementation period of the Sendai Framework?
15 years — from 2015 to 2030.
What is the importance of the Sendai Framework in nursing?
Guides nurses in promoting community disaster preparedness, risk assessment, resilience building, and health education to prevent disaster risks and protect public health.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s)
- No poverty
- Zero hunger
- Good health and well being
- Quality education
- Gender Equality
- Clean water and sanitation
- Affordable and clean energy
- Decent work and economic growth
- Industry, innovation and infrastructure
- Reduced inequalities
- Sustainable cities and communities
- Responsible consumption and production
- Climate action
- Life below water
- Life on land
- Peace, justice, and strong institutions
- Partnerships for the goals
A situation where a group of people in a community engages in violent or disruptive behavior due to political or social grievances.
Civil Unrest
What are examples of Civil Unrest?
Riots, protests, demonstrations, strikes, and looting.
What is the role of healthcare providers during Civil Unrest?
Provide medical assistance, maintain safety, support psychological needs, and coordinate with authorities.
What is Terrorism?
The unlawful use of violence or intimidation, especially against civilians, to achieve political aims.
The intentional release of biological agents like bacteria, viruses, or toxins to cause illness or death.
Bioterrorism
What are the categories of Bioterrorism agents?
Category A — High-priority agents (e.g., anthrax, smallpox)
Category B — Moderately easy to disseminate (e.g., salmonella)
Category C — Emerging pathogens (e.g., hantavirus)
What are the responsibilities of nurses in Bioterrorism events?
Early detection
Isolation
Infection control
Surveillance
Health education
What is Chemical Terrorism?
The intentional release of toxic chemicals to harm or kill people.
What are examples of chemical agents used in terrorism?
Nerve agents (Sarin)
Blister agents (Mustard gas)
Choking agents (Chlorine gas)
Blood agents (Cyanide)
The use of radioactive materials or nuclear weapons to cause mass destruction and radiation exposure.
Radiological/Nuclear Terrorism
What are the effects of Radiation Exposure?
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS), burns, cancer, genetic mutations, and organ damage.
The use of technology to attack information systems, causing disruption in services and communication.
Cyberterrorism
It ensures individuals, communities, and healthcare providers are ready to respond effectively to emergencies and disasters.
What is the significance of Emergency Preparedness
An individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area using firearms.
Active Shooter
What is the main response strategy during an Active Shooter incident?
“Run, Hide, Fight” — recommended by the Department of Homeland Security.
What is the role of healthcare providers during Active Shooter events?
Protect themselves first
Assist with evacuation if possible
Provide immediate first aid to victims after the area is secured
Communicate with law enforcement
acronym threat
● T Threat suppression
● H Hemorrhage Control
● RE Rapid Extrication
● A Assessment by medical providers
● T Transport to definitive Care
Incident in which four or more people
whether injured or killed
MASS SHOOTING
