Finals (Chapter 5-8) Flashcards
(31 cards)
The process of drawing inferences about a suspect’s personality, behavior, motivation, and demographic characteristics based on crime scene information is referred to as _________.
profiling
Psychological profiling mostly relies on the ________ of a particular profile.
intuition
Victims in a string of murders were all mutilated any specific way, which makes profilers think of this feature as the __________ that may reveal something about the perpetrator’s personality.
signature
One of the characteristics thought to be indicative of childhood maladjustment has been identified among quite a few serial killers. It is:
a) cruelty to animals
b) mental illness
c) extroversion
d) temper tantrums
a) cruelty to animals
Killers that tend to be more impulsive and selected victims more randomly are referred to as:
a) disorganized killers
b) organized killers
c) stalkers
d) impetuous killers
a) disorganized killers
Holmes and Holmes (2010) have categorized the serial killers into four types: visionary, mission-oriented, hedonistic, and power oriented. Subsequent research showed that:
a) visionary killers are more common than hedonistic ones
b) most serial killers have traits from different categories rather than just one category
c) organized killers can only belong to either mission-oriented or power-oriented type
d) stalkers can easily turn into either of the four types of serial killers
b) most serial killers have traits from different categories rather than just one category
Suggestive questions can best be described as _________ leading questions _______.
a) excluding; not volunteered by the child
b) including; not volunteered by the child
c) excluding; that were unsolicited
d) including; that were solicited
b) including; not volunteered by the child
What is the best description of the NICHD Investigative Interview protocol?
a) This is a technique designed to reduce biased questioning and elicit true responses from children
b) This is a technique using close-ended questions to interview alleged victims who are children
c) This is a protocol for using Bobo Dolls to release children’s desire for letting their anger out
d) This is coercive approach to interviewing intended to overcome the resistance of concealing the abuse
a) This is a technique designed to reduce biased questioning and elicit true responses from children
Open-ended requests and questions (i.e. “Tell me everything that happened.”) are considered a ____-_______ prompts in the NICHD protocol.
non-coercive
Research has demonstrated that some techniques used in interviewing children in abuse cases have proven to be helpful. These techniques include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) simplified instructions
b) taking an oath to tell the truth
c) explicit statement stipulating that the interviewer does not know what happened
d) asking the same question more than once
d) asking the same question more than once
Adult hearsay witness testimony is perceived differently from that of a child because adults are more __________ in their testimony.
confident
__________ __________ of abuse can occur during hypnosis and or psychotherapy years or decades after the abuse occurred. Example: A 50 year-old psychotherapy patient suddenly recalls being abused as a child (after decades of having no memory of the same).
Recovered memories
In some cases, false memories can surface as a result of the ___________ of the alleged victim undergoing hypnosis or guided imagery.
suggestibility
Eyewitnesses depend on ________ to identify or describe a suspect.
memory
The memory process is often described as having what following components?
encoding
storage
retrieval
__________ is the part of the memory process that involves accessing and pulling out stored information at a later time.
Retrieval
The Manson criteria (Manson v. Braithwaite (1977)), includes five factors that should be taken into account when evaluating the accuracy of an eye-witness’ identification. The following factor was clearly disproven by research:
a) the level of attention the witness was paying to what was going on
b) the level of confidence the witness is exhibiting about his or her memory of the event
c) the amount of time between the crime and identification event
d) the accuracy of the witness’s previous descriptions of the event or perpetrator
b) the level of confidence the witness is exhibiting about his or her memory of the event
Individuals often ____________ the duration of a brief event, especially if it is a(n) _________ event.
overestimate
stressful
The tendency of people to be better able to recognize faces of those within their own racial group than those outside their own racial group is referred to as the _____-____ ______.
cross-race effect
The reassignment of a face that is familiar from another context to the scene of a crime is referred to as ___________ ____________.
unconscious transference
The tendency to maintain widely held beliefs (i.e. pre-existing expectations) about which sequences of actions (i.e. behaviors) will typically occur in certain situations is referred to as ______.
scripts
Factors that are outside the control of the legal system are referred to as __________ _________.
estimator variables
The legal definition of whether an individual has the capacity to perform necessary personal or legal functions is known as ___________.
competence
The first component of competency to stand trial (CST) refers to the accused individual’s ability to interact rationally with an ________. The second component refers to the accused individual’s understanding of how the _____ ________ works.
attorney
court process
