Chapter 7

Question 1

Eyewitnesses rely on memory. What is the process of memory?

Answer 1

1) Encoding(gathering)
2) Storage(holding)
3) Retrieval(accessing)

Question 2

What type of errors can occur at each stage of memory?

Answer 2

1) Imperfect encoding
2) Memory trace deterioration
3) Retrieval distortion

Question 3

What is the most compelling evidence in court?

Answer 3

Eyewitness Testimony

Question 4

__________ __________ leads to more wrongful convictions than any other evidence.

Answer 4

Eyewitness Testimony

Question 5

___% of convictions, eyewitness testimony was the only evidence

Answer 5

74%

Question 6

Mistaken identity played a role in ___% of cases

Answer 6

76%

Question 7

What is the Manson Criteria is used to evaluate testimony accuracy:?

Answer 7

1) View the criminal
2) Accuracy
3) Attention
4) Certainty
5) Time lapse

Question 8

What is weapons focus effect?

Answer 8

witness focus on weapon, not assailant

Question 9

What is Unconscious transference?

Answer 9

Face seen in one context transferred to another

Question 10

A _________ eyewitness Persuades jurors/judge

Answer 10

Confident

Question 11

Confidence is highly correlated with ___________ and weakly correlated with _________

Answer 11

persuasiveness

accuracy

Question 12

What is Post identification feedback effect?

Answer 12

tendency of biased feedback to distort eyewitness memory

Question 13

Confirming feedback:

•Recalled being very _______

Answer 13

certain

Question 14

Confirming feedback:

•Recalled being ________

Answer 14

uncertain

Question 15

__________ ___________: commit to a particular course of action will lead to justification.

Answer 15

Cognitive dissonance

Question 16

Witness Confidence:

Reduce dissonance between uncertainty and identification by increasing _________ and __________.

Answer 16

certainty

confidence

Question 17

True or False: Child eyewitnesses are as accurate as adults in culprit-present and target-present lineup

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False: Child eyewitnesses provide more information

Answer 18

False; Provide less information

Question 19

True or False: Child eyewitnesses are less suggestible

Answer 19

False; are more suggestible

Question 20

What is the difference between estimator variables and system variables?

Answer 20

estimator variables- Outside legal system control

system variables- Under legal system control

Question 21

_________ __________-____ _______ (_____) rules used to create police and investigator guidelines

Answer 21

American Psychology-Law Society (APLS)

Question 22

What is the difference a blind lineup and a unbiased lineup?

Answer 22

Blind lineup: Blind lineup administrator

Unbiased lineup: Requires actual suspect should not stand out from “fillers”(foils or distractors)

Question 23

_____-________ ____________: Witnesses to rely on own memory

Answer 23

Bias-reducing instructions

Question 24

___________ _________: Confidence statement at time of identification, before feedback is given

Answer 24

Confidence ratings

Question 25

______ __________: Records identification procedures

Answer 25

Video recording

Question 26

__________ _________: View one person or photograph at a time; reduce relative judgment

Answer 26

Sequential lineups

Question 27

________ ___________: Provides psychologist summary on research related to eyewitness testimony

Answer 27

Expert testimony

Question 28

________ means more receptive to suggestion

Answer 28

Hypnosis

Question 29

________ can elicit false memories, amplify effects of suggestive questioning, and bolster confidence of eyewitnesses

Answer 29

Hypnosis