Finals (Chapter 1-4) Flashcards
A psychologist testifying in court feels it is his responsibility to correctly and clearly present scientific findings, even if this may lead to an unfair verdict. According to Saks (1990), such an expert fulfills the role of _________-_________.
conduit – educator
Isabella is advocating for a change in the way domestic violence victims are treated by police and courts. This is an example of the _________ role placed by psychologists in the legal system.
reformer
The primary role of psychological science is to provide accurate _____________ of _______ ___________.
explanations
human behavior
The goal psychology is to emphasize the characteristics of _______; whereas the goal of the legal system is to emphasize _________ cases.
groups
individual
Sylvester’s hired by the defense to help select the jurors who would be less likely to convict. This is an example of the ________ role played by psychologists in the legal system.
advisor
Doing a trial, each side is trying to win their case. However, the goal of the legal system overall is to achieve ________.
justice
Ricardo is conducting research on the effects of solitary confinement on mental health. This is an example of the _________ role played by psychologists and the system.
evaluator
According to the textbook, police prefer a confession because:
a) interrogators have a chance to practice their skills
b) confessions save time
c) confessions always guarantee a conviction in court
d) suspects are relieved after admitting to crime
b) confessions save time
According to studies, which form of evidence is most incriminating?
a) eyewitness testimony
b) expert testimony
c) confession
d) DNA analysis
c) confession
The tendency to attribute others’ behavior to dispositional causes such as personality is referred to as:
a) fundamental attribution error
b) functional fixedness
c) frustration-aggression hypothesis
d) false memory syndrome
a) fundamental attribution error
During interrogation of a suspect, openly physical brutality was _____ prior to 1930.
a) rarely used
b) sometimes approved
c) generally avoided
d) frequently used
d) frequently used
After the publication of the Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement in 1931. Changes in legislation resulted in the move from ______ physical abuse to ______ forms of abuse.
overt
covert
Michelle is in custody and being interrogated. One of the police officers is being nice and one accuses her of committing a crime because of her greed. The behavior of the police officers is an example of playing _____ ____ - ____ ____.
good cop
bad cop
Hugo was interrogated alone and told repeatedly that his guilt is corroborated by both physical evidence and eyewitness accounts. This approach most likely embodies the following strategy used by police during Hugo’s interrogation:
a) sense of loss of control and entitlement
b) autonomous perspective and certainty of guilt
c) social isolation and certainty of guilt
d) loss of control and autonomous perspective
c) social isolation and certainty of guilt
The purpose of exculpatory scenarios is to:
a) provide various possible reasons for the crime to have been committed
b) increase probability of admission of guilt through offering a justification for actions
c) reduce confusing circumstances, so an admission of guilt is easier to produce
d) maximize the importance of the suspect’s reason for committing the crime
b) increase probability of admission of guilt through offering a justification for actions
