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Biology 16 > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

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0
Q

pH

A

The level of H+ and OH-

Depending if it takes excess ions or not makesit acid, base, or neutral solvent.

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1
Q

Radioisotope

A

Radioactive isotopes, Nuclei release particles and/or energy

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2
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Separating monomers by water

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3
Q

Saturated vs unsaturated fatty acid

A

Saturated is more dense and solid at room temp

Unsaturated is less dense and at room temp it turns into liquid

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4
Q

Covalent bond

A

Electrons are shared between two or more atoms

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5
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Electrons are transferred from one atom/molecule to another

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6
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Like covalent bond, they share electron within on the outer shell

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7
Q

Scientific method

A

Method of finding/proof of new science

Observe > hypothesis > experiment/observe > hypothesis (matching it) > conclusion

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8
Q

Negative control

A

The subject/unit that has no treatment, then compared to subject/unit that was treated to see effect of new experiment

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9
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher to lower concentration; it requires no energy and stop when distribution is equal.

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

Specialized connective tissue between bones of joints, structural support of nose, ears; lacks blood vessels and nerves so healing slower.

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11
Q

Pulmonary vs. systemic circuits

A

Pulmonary flows through the lungs as systemic flows through out the veins and arteries in the body.

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12
Q

Inductive vs. deductive reasoning

A

Inductive : study few/many cases and come to general conclusion

Deduction : starts off with general principle we already know and applying it

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13
Q

Fermentation

A

2 ATP - lactate in muscles when oxygen is low

- too much lactate is bad

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14
Q

Melanoma

A

Cancer in the skin die to huh. Radiation exposure

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15
Q

Negative feedback

A

When on going change occurs

16
Q

Systole vs diastole

A

Systole is the measurement when heart/blood flow is contracting

Diastole is the measurement when heart beat/ blood flow is relaxed.

17
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

Mother is RH- and father is RH+, newborn may be RH+. Placenta with RH+ cells may leak into mother causing mother to produce antibodies for RH+. Antibodies may transfer into placenta destroying it’s RBCs, killing the newborn

18
Q

Fibrinogen vs. fibrin

A

Fibrinogen is inactive. Activated by thrombin into fibrin. Fibrin creates a net to produce blood clots.

19
Q

Complement

A

Protein cells comes from the liver that forms a nonspecific defense mechanism against a microbe invasion; it complements the antigen - antibody reaction

20
Q

Inflammation

A

Metabolic rate increases causing heat. Plasma moves to damage location. Histamine activates warning the body of possible attack. Pus created- a collection of dead pathogen

21
Q

Monoclonal antibody

A

B cells that creates antibodies fused together with cancerous cells

22
Q

Lumen

A

The space within the GI tract which allows for transport of various substances

23
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Helps with mechanics of breathing. Muscles located between ribs in the rib cages. Helps with contraction and rest of diaphragm

24
Q

Surfactant

A

Chemical that keeps water from sticking to itself. Helps keep the lungs inflates so we don’t suffocate to death.

25
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in a kidney. Helps urine elimination

26
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Produces more rbc’s > more ATP

27
Q

Meninges

A

Protective layers (3) around the brain and spinal cord

28
Q

Schwan cell

A

Outer layer of an axon - protects the axon

29
Q

Refractory period

A

The period after action potential - does not allow another impulse to pass through axon. All gates are closed.

30
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain received as having come from a site other than that of its actual origin

31
Q

Negative vs. positive feedback

A

Negative - response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus - maintain homeostasis

Positive - stimulus initiates reactions that lead to an increase in the stimulus - does not maintain homeostasis

32
Q

Menstruation

A

Loss of blood and tissue from the uterus at the end of a uterine cycle.

33
Q

Blastocyst

A

Early stage of human embryonic development that consists of a hollow fluid-filled ball of cells.

34
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

Hormones produced by the chorion that functions to maintain the uterine lining.

35
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer of the embryonic germ later

Biology 16 (8 decks)

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