Chapter 1 - Exploring Life And Science

Question 0

Describe in good detail the scientific method - including step.

Answer 0

Observation- new observations are made and previous data are studied

Hypothesis - input from various sources is used to stimulate a testable statement

Experiment/observation - the hypothesis is tested by experiment or further observations

Conclusion- the results are analyzed and the hypothesis is supported or rejected

Question 1

Lists 7 the characteristic of life

Answer 1

Organized
acquire materials and energy
reproduce
grow and develop
engage
respond to stimuli
evolve.

Question 2

What does standard error mean?

Answer 2

Tells us how uncertain a particular value is.

Question 3

How are clinical trials conducted

Answer 3

• large number of subjects are divided randomly into groups
• test control groups ARE exposed to an experimental variable
• a control group is NOT exposed to an experimental variable and is given a placebo
• all groups are otherwise treated the same, it’s best if subjects and the technicians do not know what group they are in
• results are concluded and published in a scientific journal

Question 4

What is phase 1 clinical trial?

Answer 4

Uses a fee dozen healthy people to determine safety

Question 5

What is phase 2 clinical trial?

Answer 5

Uses a few hundred ill people to see if med has a benefit

• experimental mess have worked on mice but not people
• several hundred people is still limited as genetic diversity may not be represented

Question 6

What is phase 3 clinical trial?

Answer 6

Uses thousands of people with experimental med, negative control, and positive control if available

• some phase 2 trials look promising, but failed in phase 3
• a few hundred people in phase 2 not diverse enough.

Question 7

Inductive reasoning

Answer 7

Study few/many cases and come to general conclusion

Question 8

Deduction

Answer 8

Starts off with general principle to predict individual outcomes - math formulas.

Question 9

Experimental variable/ independent variable

Answer 9

The thing you’re curious about

Question 10

Negative control

Answer 10

Experimental units/subjects that’s receives NO treatment then compared to units/subjects that are to determine if treatment has any effect

Question 11

Positive control

Answer 11

Experimental units/ subjects receives STANDARD treatment, then compared to new treatment to see if new treatment is better than old.

-not all will have positive control

Question 12

Scientific theory

Answer 12

Concepts that tell us about the order and the patterns within the natural world