Chapter 4 - Body Organization And Homeostasis

Question 0

Epithelial shapes

Answer 0

Squamous: flattened, scale like

• thin cells allow for efficient diffusion
• smooth surface reduces friction

Cuboidal

• provide some protection
• involved in secretion and/or absorption

Columnar
-absorption and secretion

Question 1

Epithelial structure

Answer 1

Free membrane for protection, secretion, absorption

Basement membrane is cell-free; attaches free membrane to tissues below

Question 2

Connective tissue functions

Answer 2

Bind tissues
Support (cartilage, bone)
Transport (blood)
Energy storage (adipose tissue)

Question 3

Connective tissue structure

Answer 3

Cells within extra cellular matrix

Matrix of protein fibers and ground substances

Fiber

• collagen: strong, resist stretching
• elastic
• reticular : branching strands of collagen for support

Question 4

3 types of Muscle tissues

Answer 4

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 5

Skeletal muscle tissue function

Answer 5

Has striated cells with multiple nuclei
Occurs in muscles attached to skeleton
Functions in voluntary movement of body

Question 6

Smooth muscle function

Answer 6

Has spindle- shaped cells, each with a single nucleus

Cells have no striations

Functions in movement of substances in lumens of body

Is involuntary

Is found in blood vessel walls and walls if digestive tract

Question 7

Cardiac muscle

Answer 7

Has branching, striated cells, each work a single nucleus

Occurs in the wall of the heart

Functions in the pumping of blood

Is involuntary

Question 8

Skin functions

Answer 8

Protect from pathogens, chemicals, and physic factors

Prevents water loss

Regulates temperature - through sweating

Synthesis of vitamin d

Detecting stimuli: touch, heat, pain

Question 9

Skin structures

Answer 9

Epidermis and dermis

Question 10

Epidermis structure

Answer 10

Outermost layer; thin

Cells are flat, dry, and dead

Filled with protein keratin that resists bacteria and fungi

Lose 35,000 cells per minute

Replaced by dividing cells from dermis

Site for lipid-soluble drug delivery

Question 11

Dermis structure

Answer 11

Inner layer; much thicker

Contains blood vessels for nourishments (lacking in epidermis)

Contains sensory receptors, oil glands, nerve fibers, sweat glands; hairs/hair follicles

Lower layer with connective tissue: collagen and elastic fibers, so skin stretches. Which declines with age

Question 12

What factors promote skin cancer

Answer 12

Too much ultra violet radiation

Question 13

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 13

Derived from stem cells gone awry, is the more common type of skin cancer and is the most curable

Question 14

Melanoma

Answer 14

Type if skin cancer deceived from melanocytes, is extremely serious

Question 15

Homeostasis

Answer 15

Is the body’s ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment by adjusting its physiological processes.

Question 16

Give an example of homeostasis

Answer 16

The ability of the body to regulate the acid-base balance of the body. Co2 enters blood, it combines with water to create carbonic acid. However, blood is buffered - pH stays within normal range as long as the lungs are busy excreting carbon dioxide. Kidneys backs up the two mechanism, which gets rid of wide range of acidic and basic substances, and therefore, adjust the pH

Question 17

Exocrine gland

Answer 17

Glands with ducts that secrete their product onto the outer surface or into a cavity

Question 18

Endocrine gland

Answer 18

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 19

Fribroblasts

Answer 19

Loose fibrous and dense fibrous connective tissues cells located some distance from one another and separated by a jellyfish like ground substance containing white collagen fibers and yellow elastic fibers

Question 20

Adipose tissue

Answer 20

Is a special type of loose connective tissue in which the cells enlarge and store fat.