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Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the body’s nonspecific lines of defense against disease?

A

Antibodies

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2
Q

Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the epidermis?

A

Dendritic cells

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3
Q

Which of the following cells increase in number during helminth infection?

A

Eosinophils

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4
Q

Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of

A

both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body.

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5
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is FALSE?

A

It has goblet cells.

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6
Q

MAC’s are

A

the end result of both the classical and alternative complement systems

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7
Q

Mucous membranes are quite thing and fragile. How can such delicate tissue provide defense against microbial invaders?

A

The mucus physically traps microbes, contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and is shed constantly, along with the outermost layer of cells.

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8
Q

Microbial antagonism refers to

A

the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body.

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9
Q

The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to

A

triggering inflammation and attacking phagocytes to sites of infection.

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10
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is true?

A

Its activation is independent of antibodies

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11
Q

Which of the following is the key difference in the roles of classical and alternative pathways of the complement system?

A

the range of microbes that can be targeted

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12
Q

Which of the following cells can use nonphagocytic means to kill bacteria?

A

eosinophils and neutrophils

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13
Q

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A

Microglial cells - spleen

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14
Q

Which of the following leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm that stain blue with methlyne blue?

A

basophils

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15
Q

Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodsteam?

A

monocyte

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16
Q

Which of the following is(are) activities of neutrophils?

A

formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, phagocytosis, and production of nitric oxide.

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17
Q

Alpha and beta interferons

A

are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages

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18
Q

Which of the following substances stimulates the phagocytic activity of phagocytes?

A

gamma interferons

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19
Q

Which complement protein is the key to activating the alternative pathway of complement activation?

A

C3

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20
Q

The residual body is

A

a type of granule in granulocyte

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21
Q

Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes

A

they are both constantly shedding and replacing cells

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22
Q

Antigens are

A

specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign.

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23
Q

Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternative name?

A

To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the antigenic determinant for which they are specifif.

24
Q

Which of the following produces an exogenous antigen?

A

a bacterium outside a cell

25
Which of the following lymphocytes is FALSE?
B and T lymphocytes can be differentiated under the microscope.
26
Which of the following is not included in the MALT?
The Spleen
27
Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is FALSE?
The heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds.
28
The Fc portion of an antibody is formed by
the lower portions of the heavy chains
29
The humoral immune response is attributed to the action of
B lymphoctyes
30
Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?
They can penetrate host cells to bind intracellular antigens.
31
The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is
IgG
32
Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?
interleukins
33
Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?
They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen.
34
Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?
There are fewer types of T cell receptors than B cell receptors, and therefore the T lymphocyte cannot react with as many types of antigens
35
Which of the following statements concerning specific immunity is FALSE?
It changes little with repeated exposure to the same pathogen
36
Major histocompatabiity antigens are
glycoproteins found in the cytoplasmic membranes of most vertebrae animal cells
37
Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?
They live a long time and function as memory cells.
38
Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as
memory responses
39
Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is true?
A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.
40
What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person gets a disease?
naturally acquired active immunity
41
A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA, Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?
The child currently has influenza and RSV infections
42
What is the most efficient and cost-effective way to control infectious diseases?
autoimmunization
43
Killed vaccines work by stimulating
The action of Th1 cells.
44
A person who has been exposed to rabies receives both HRIG(human rabies immunoglobulin) injected near the bite site and the rabies vaccine. What does this strategy represent?
active immunization combined with passive immunotherapy
45
Which of the following statements regarding ELISA's is true?
They can be used to detect antibody or antigen
46
Which of the following is an example of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
watery eyes after exposure to animal dander
47
Which of the following would test positive for the tuberculin response?
someone who has been immunized with the tuberculosis vaccine or has previously had tuberculosis
48
An antigen produced by a pathogen while living inside a cell is known as a(n)
Endogenous
49
The body recognizes antigens by the three-dimensional shapes of regions known as
Antigenic determinants
50
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APC's) include B cells, macrophages, and ______
Dendritic Cells
51
The surface of each B lymphocyte is covered with about 250,000 to 500,000 identical copies of ______.
B cell receptors
52
TCR's only recognize antigens presented by APC;therefore, _______ molecules ultimately determine which epitopes elicit an immune response.
MHC molecule
53
An APC presents antigen to an unactivated T lumphocyte on an MHC I molecule and secretes IL-12 at the same time. as a result, the T lymphocyte differentiates into an(n) ______ lymphocyte.
TH1
54
When a T cell and an antigen- presenting cell interact, a specialized contact called a(n) _____ forms between them.
immunological synapse
55
_____ is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that results when B cells produce autoantibodies that damage the cartilage in the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis type III
56
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are also commonly known as _____
Allergy

Microbiology (5 decks)

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