FINALS Flashcards
Product that never meant to be ingested or inhaled:
- Shampoo
- Paint thinner
- Pesticides
- Houseplants (leaves)
- Carbon monoxide
Incubation period of STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD
POISONING
- 1 to 7hours
STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD
POISONING can cause Nausea within how many hours
2 to 6 hours of eating
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT: STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD
POISONING
Intensive supportive therapy with fluid and electrolyte replacement
drug effective
against staphylococcus such as
cefotaxime - cephalosporin antibiotic. It has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
Common agents for POISONING AS AN
UNINTENTIONAL INJURY
- Soap
- Cosmetics
- Detergents or cleaners
- Plants
May also occur from over-thecounter drugs
cause extreme liver destruction
if taken in large doses
ACETAMINOPHEN POISONING
in ACETAMINOPHEN POISONING, Immediately after ingestion the child will experience:
- Anorexia
- Nausea
- Vomiting
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: ACETAMINOPHEN POISONING
Serum aspartate transaminase
(AST/SGOT)
Serum alanine transaminase
(ALT/SGPT)
Liver enzymes
Liver- tender due to toxicity
measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood, which can indicate liver damage
Serum aspartate transaminase
(AST/SGOT)
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT: ACETAMINOPHEN POISONING
Activated charcoal
observe for jaundice and tenderness over the
liver
Assess AST and ALT levels
antidote for ACETAMINOPHEN POISONING
Acetylcysteine - relieve chest congestion due to thick or abnormal mucous secretions in people with lung conditions
Ingestion of a strong alkali, such as lye, soap-making, cleaning, and various industrial processes.
CAUSTIC POISONING
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT: CAUSTIC POISONING
Intubation
Strong analgesic, such as morphine
a tube is inserted into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway and facilitate breathing, often used in emergencies or during surgery.
Intubation
Substances contained in products such as kerosene and furniture polish
HYDROCARBON INGESTION
HYDROCARBON INGESTION major effect is
respiratory
irritation because these substances
are volatile and fumes rise from it
interferes with rbc function by blocking the
incorporation of iron into the protoporphyrin compound
LEAD POISONING
LEAD POISONING leads to
hypochromic
microcytic anemia
rbc that appear paler than normal under a microscope, indicating a deficiency in hemoglobin,
hypochromic
a type of anemia where rbc are smaller than normal, often due to insufficient hemoglobin, and is usually caused by iron deficiency
microcytic anemia
the most serious
effect of LEAD POISONING
Lead encephalitis:
characterized by diffuse vascular injury and protein-rich fluid extravasation into the extracellular space,
seizures, altered mental status, and potentially coma or death
Lead encephalitis:
paint chips or paint dust, home-glazed pottery,
or fumes from burning or swallowed batteries is what type of poisoning
LEAD POISONING
If the lead level is 15mg/dl or higher, the child must be
removed from the
environment
- If the lead levels ›20µg/ what is prescribed
succimer - remove excess lead from the body
Lead levels ›45µg/100ml may be
admitted to the hospital for chelation therapy with dimercaprol or edetate
calcium disodium
Injections for lead poisoning
EDTA - medication used in the management and treatment of heavy metal toxicity
Accidental ingestion or through skin or respiratory tract contact when children play in an area that has been
recently sprayed
PESTICIDE POISONING
a leading cause of death in
children and adolescents
ACCIDENTS (Trauma/Injury)
It is an intentional unintentional damage to body due to exposure to an external agent which can be thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or agent.
INJURY
used specifically to describe scoliosis that
occurs in children younger than 3 years
infantile scoliosis
4-9 years scoliosis
juvenile scoliosis
10-18 years scoliosis
adolescent scoliosis
a lateral curvature of the
spine. (postural)
Scoliosis
a curvature that does not involve the spine, such as having legs that are different lengths or muscle spasms caused by pain.
Functional scoliosis
The spine curvature is not
flexible and does not go away
Structural scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis is seen in school-age children at what age
10 years of
age and older.
external factors FOR SCOLIO
defective motor development
collagen disorders,
joint laxity
nursing posture of
the infant.
refers to joints that have a greater range of motion than normal, potentially leading to instability and increased risk of injury
joint laxity
used as an alternative
to bracing for the child with a mild to moderate curvature;
treatment at night
when the child is asleep,
electrodes are applied to the skin;
Electrical stimulation
goal is to prevent progression of the curve and to improve
alignment
Brace management
worn constantly, except
during bathing and
swimming;
its fit is monitored closely;
worn over a T-shirt or undershirt to
protect the skin.
Boston brace or the
TLSO brace
a growing rod is used, which is associated with fewer complications than surgical fixation using L-rods.
Pedicle screw instrumentation
may be utilized to prevent curve progression; extensions are
needed every 6 months to
keep pace with the child’s
growth until the child has
adequate trunk length,
Growing rods
ADHD
ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: ADHD
Premature delivery
Low birth weight
Brain injury
Neurobiological factors
CRITERIA FOR ADHD
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Emotional Dysregulation
MEDICL MANAGEMENT
(MEDICINES): ADHD
Stimulants : methylphenidate
dextroamphetamine
(Dexedrine),
Atomoxetine
Tricyclic antidepressants
Modafinil
first-line treatment in children and adults with ADHD because
of its efficacy and
classification as a nonstimulant.
Atomoxetine - increase the ability to pay attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in children and adults
has recent placebo-controlled data supporting efficacy
Modafinil -a central nervous system stimulant and eugeroic medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy, a sleep disorder
NURSING MANAGEMENT AHD
memory retraining techniques, such as keeping calendar, writing list, memory cue games, mnemonic device using computers, and so forth.
ventilation of feelings
- Overt symptoms of autism gradually begin after the age of s
six months, become
established by age two or three
years
