MIDTERM Flashcards
when does late pph occur
more than 24 hours but less than 6 weeks postpartum
Failure of blood to clot or remain clotted indicates
coagulopathy
Causes of Uterine Atony
High parity
o Hydramnios
o Macrosomic fetus
o Multifetal gestation
o Traumatic birth
Rapid or prolonged
labor
o Chorioamnionitis
o Use of halogenated
anesthesia
o Use of oxytocin for
labor induction and
augmentation.
this suggests venous origin, varices, or
superficial lacerations of the birth canal
Dark blood
arterial; indicates deep lacerations of
the cervix
Bright blood
Risk factors/Causes of Lacerations
Primigravidas
o Large infant (>9lbs)
o Use of lithotomy position and instruments
Lacerations of the perineum: vaginal mucous membrane and skin of the perineum to the fourchette
First degree
Lacerations of the perineum: (vagina, perineal skin, fascia, levator ani muscle, perineal body)
Second degree
Lacerations of the perineum: (entire perineum, external sphincter of
the rectum)
Third degree
Lacerations of the perineum: (entire perineum, rectal sphincter, mucous membrane of the rectum
Fourth degree
ligation of bleeding vessels
Episiorrhapy
bleeding can be detected through
ultrasonography
serum HCG levels
Coagulopathies
assessed when laboratory results
Increased prothrombin time & partial
thromboplastin time
Prolonged bleeding time
Decreased platelet
Decreased fibrinogen
ITP meaning
Immune Thrombocytopenic
autoimmune disorder, in which platelet
antibodies decrease the lifespan of platelets.
Idiopathic or Immune Thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP)
treatment for Idiopathic or Immune Thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP)
Corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulins,
Platelet transfusion
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) consumes large amounts of clotting factors, including
platelets, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and
factors V and VII.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
(DIC) is associated with
abruption placenta,
missed or early miscarriage,
severe pre-eclampsia
septicemia
treatment for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
(DIC)
volume replacement,
blood component therapy,
protecting injury
UO monitoring
the most common cause of heart
attacks and strokes.
Arterial thrombosis
the most common cause of a pulmonary embolism
Venous thrombosis
they both join at the injury site
to form a clot to stop the bleeding.
Platelets and proteins
blood clot other term
thrombus
the travelling of thrombus
embolus
Risk Factors of Thrombosis
Diabetes
Over age 60
Autoimmune Disease
Using birth control pills containing estrogen
Using hormone replacement for
menopause symptoms.
Thrombosis: Lungs
Pulmonary embolism
Thrombosis: Brain:
Transient ischemic attack
(TIA) or stroke
Thrombosis: Heart
Myocardial
Infarction (MI)
Thrombosis: Neck
(coronary artery): TIA or stroke
Thrombosis: Belly
Mesenteric
ischemia
direct way to remove a clot is for a surgeon
Thrombectomy
vein inflammation: pain and swelling occur when a blood clot forms in one of your veins.
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis Predisposing factors
Cesarean birth
Maternal age over 35
Multiparity
Smoking
Thrombophlebitis: Precipitating factors
Increased fibrinogen
level
Dilation of lower
extremity pressure of
the fetal head
Inactivity/ prolonged
delivery- pooling and
stasis
blood clots happen in major veins, usually in one of the legs.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
blood clots in ovarian, uterine, or hypogastric veins
Pelvic vein thrombosis
Management of Thrombophlebitis
Early ambulation
Side-lying or back-lying
Never massage
Management of Thrombophlebitis drugs
Pain Medications
Anticoagulants
Thrombolytic agents
Antibiotics
fibrinolytic agents; drugs that break up blood clots. treat strokes, pulmonary embolisms, and myocardial infarctions.
Thrombolytic agents
a blood thinner, is a medication that prevents blood clots from forming
anticoagulant
clot-busting drug example
Streptokinase
blood thinners examples
Heparin &
Warfarin
infection of the lining of the uterus.
Endometritis
Endometritis laboratory
findings
Leukocytosis (>20,000 mm³)
Anemia
Blood cultures or intracervical or intrauterine bacterial cultures reveal the offending pathogens
within
36 to 48 hours.
Treatment of Endometritis
cool compresses, warm
blankets, perineal care, and sitz baths.
IV Broad spectrum antibiotic therapy
Urinary Tract Infection
o Risk factor
C/S birth
Epidural anesthesia
Urinary Tract Infection urine culture:
Escherichia coli
Management Urinary Tract Infection
Analgesia
Antibiotic therapy
defined as the gradual replacement of breast milk with other sources of nutrition for your baby
Weaning
Predisposing Factors Mastitis
Sudden decrease in the # of feedings,
abrupt weaning
Wearing underwire bras
Mastitis type of microorganisms
Staphylococcus aureus
Management for mastitis
Expose to air-dry
Vit E (to soften nipples daily)
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
Breastfeeding continued
Breast emptying should occur in which interval
2-3 HOURS
CRH meaning
corticotrophin-releasing hormone
body’s coordinator for stress response
corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
An actual separation from reality and Woman appeals exceptionally sad.
Postpartal Psychosis
a protein in the blood that helps form clots to stop bleeding
Fibrinogen
when blood flow to your intestine is decreased or blocked
Mesenteric ischemia
Can be used to monitor a patient’s response to unfractionated heparin
Partial Thromboplastin time
Can be used to monitor individuals who are being treated with warfarin
Prothrombin time (PT)
a cofactor in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Factor V
crucial for initiating the coagulation cascade by activating tissue factor when exposed to injury
Factor VII
normal WBC
4,000 to 10,000 cells per mcL
normal RBC
4.5 to 6.1 million cells
Hct normal % level
36-55
Normal Platelet count
150,000 to 400,000 cells per mcL
Injected and Blocks the production of thrombin and fibrin ; emergent situations
Heparin
taken orally, depletes vit k; maintenance
Warfarin
Warfarin is not safe during pregnancy because it can cause birth defects and fetal bleeding T/F
True
