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Bioethics > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the birth defects or deformities?

A

Trisomy 21
Spina bifida
Hydrocephaly
Anencephaly
Esophageal atresia
Duodenal Atresia

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2
Q

Refers to deliberately putting a person suffering from an incurable and agonizing disease into a painless and peaceful death

A

euthanasia

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3
Q

ethical standards of euthanasia

A

Euthanasia is intrinsically wrong as it implies direct and deliberate killing of an individual; hence, murder. The motive of the act which is to cease the agony of the patient will not and can never be justified by its evil means, killing.

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4
Q

Classifications of Euthanasia

A

Active voluntary
Passive voluntary
Active non voluntary
Passive non voluntary

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5
Q

one in which either a physician, spouse,
friend will terminate the person’s life upon his request

A

Active voluntary

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6
Q

one in which the terminally ill patient
is simply allowed to die as requested by the patient

A

Passive voluntary

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7
Q

occurs when it is the physician, spouse, relative, friend who decides that the life of the terminally ill patient be terminated

A

active non voluntary

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8
Q

occurs when the terminally ill patient is simply allowed to die as requested by the immediate family members or the attending physician

A

Passive non voluntary

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9
Q

Direct and willful destruction of one’s own life; usually destructive and violent termination of life
- Self-murder

A

suicide

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10
Q

There is no crime when ther is no law punishing it

A

Nullum crimen nulla poene sine lege

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11
Q

A treatment that appears to be real but is designed to have no therapeutic benefit.

A

Placebo

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12
Q

2 types of Placebo

A

single blind
double blind

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13
Q

One in which the evaluations of the results of the treatment
are kept from the patients who have received it in order to prevent any alterations in the results to the researchers or to the patients themselves

A

single blind

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14
Q

One in which the investigators and the patients involved in
the drug testing are kept ignorant about the process as they are not supposed to know who are receiving the drug and who are not. They are literally kept blind.

A

double blind

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15
Q

Ethical standards of placebo

A

placebo is considered acceptable provided that the effect will be beneficial to the person and is being carried out for their own good and for others who are similarly situated; or the study will benefit the whole of the society in many instances and not only the experimental subjects.

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16
Q

The science that deals with the interaction of the genes in producing similarities and differences between individuals related by descent.

A

Genetic engineering

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17
Q

Nonsexual reproduction which is an identical duplicate of an
organism
- A technological process whereby a duplicate of an organism
is produced by replacing the nucleus of the unfertilized
ovum with the nucleus of the organism’s somatic cells

A

Cloning

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18
Q

Purposes of cloning

A

a. Perpetuate geniuses
b. Prevent genetic disease in a selected posterity
c. Provide a genotype of one’s spouse, living or dead, of a deceased parent or other departed loved ones
d. Provide a form of immortality of donors
e. It can determine the sex of the children
f. Increase scientific knowledge about human reproduction
g. Reproduce soldiers and servant classes of people
h. It can exchange body parts and enhance social
communion

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19
Q

Known as regenerative medicine that promotes repair response of diseased or dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives

A

stem cell technology

20
Q

during 3-5 days following fertilization, and prior implantation, a blastocyst (embryo) contains an inner cell mass that is capable of generating all the specialized tissues that make up the human body

A

embryonic stem cells

21
Q

created in the laboratory, a happy medium between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. They are created through the introduction of embryonic genes into somatic cells that cause it to revert back into a stem cell like state

A

induced pluripotent stem cells

22
Q

Refers to the means by which the sex of the offspring

A

sex selection

23
Q

sex selection is done in three ways

A

Pre implantation method
Post Implantation
Post Birth

24
Q

broader than pedophilia, it
is a sexual obsession with children including lesbian, and
heterosexual fixations as well as interest of men in boys.

A

sexual attachment to children

25
Q

obscene and prurient literature or art.

A

pornography

26
Q

when a person cannot anymore get sexually aroused without viewing pornographic representations or lascivious scenes

A

pornography addiction

27
Q

painful coitus which in female may be caused by small vaginal entrance, inflammation, thick and inelastic hymen, infection of the ovary or f.tube, vaginal shrinkage, sagging of the pelvic structure and lack of lubrication while in male may be caused by inflammation

A

dyspareunia

28
Q

strong spasmodic contractions of the muscles at the entrance of the vagina resulting to the clocking of penile-vaginal intromission usually caused by extreme fear,
extreme pain or poor personal relations between sex mates

A

vaginismus

29
Q

prolonged and persistent erection of the penis or the clitoris usually without sexual desire and cannot be relieved by orgasm usually resulted from spinal cord
injuries

A

priapism

30
Q

an extreme and ungovernable sexual
desires in women usually relieved with orgasms but the sexual desire was so intense that absent sex would go her into madness

A

nymphomania

31
Q

refers to an extreme and ungovernable sexual desires in men

A

satyriasis

32
Q

very rare condition in which an individual has both sex organs of a male and a female

A

hermaphroditism

33
Q

is a sex anomaly in which a male has one or two hidden or undescended testes

A

cryptorchidism

34
Q

very rare sexual phenomenon wherein, the penis is capture by the vagina in such a way that the male cannot release himself.

A

penis captivus

35
Q

STIs

A

Gonorrhea
Syphilis
HIV
AIDS

36
Q

a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhae. It is usually characterized by painful urination with blood-tinted or pus discharge in male while most of the time is asymptomatic in female. However, female may also experience painful urination, discharge of pus and itching and burning sensation of the vaginal lip – vulva

A

Neisseria gonorrhae

37
Q

a sexually transmitted disease caused by Triponema pallidum. It is characterized by formation of a
chancre sore usually on the lips, face, anus and genitals.

A

syphilis

38
Q

blood-borne virus that
attacks the body’s immune system

A

HIV

39
Q

the advanced
stage of HIV infection characterized by dropping of CD4 T- cells below 200 causing the immune system to be badly damaged.

A

AIDS

40
Q

Commandments of safer sex

A
  1. Use condo,
  2. Be loyal
  3. Avoid needle stick
  4. Don’t swallow semen or lick vaginas when in doubt
  5. Know your status
41
Q

permanent cessation of all bodily functions;

A

Death
(medically)

42
Q

cessation of life as indicated by the absence of blood circulation, respiration, pulse and other vital functions

A

death (legally)

43
Q

irreversible cessation of the electroencephalogram (total flatline of the cerebral function), spontaneous function of the respiratory and circulatory system

A

Death
(medico-legally)

44
Q

3 vital organs that sustain life

A

heart
lungs
brain

45
Q

is when the patient shows total unreceptivity or unawareness to all external stimuli and is unresponsive to pain; the pupils of the eyes loss reflexes dilated and fixed (unresponsive to light)

A

brain death

46
Q

is based on the cessation of blood circulation and breathing.

A

clinical death

47
Q

Characteristics of death

A
  1. ineffable
  2. inescapable
  3. beyond experience
  4. personal
  5. ontological
  6. grand equalizer

Bioethics (6 decks)

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