FINALS Flashcards
What are the birth defects or deformities?
Trisomy 21
Spina bifida
Hydrocephaly
Anencephaly
Esophageal atresia
Duodenal Atresia
Refers to deliberately putting a person suffering from an incurable and agonizing disease into a painless and peaceful death
euthanasia
ethical standards of euthanasia
Euthanasia is intrinsically wrong as it implies direct and deliberate killing of an individual; hence, murder. The motive of the act which is to cease the agony of the patient will not and can never be justified by its evil means, killing.
Classifications of Euthanasia
Active voluntary
Passive voluntary
Active non voluntary
Passive non voluntary
one in which either a physician, spouse,
friend will terminate the person’s life upon his request
Active voluntary
one in which the terminally ill patient
is simply allowed to die as requested by the patient
Passive voluntary
occurs when it is the physician, spouse, relative, friend who decides that the life of the terminally ill patient be terminated
active non voluntary
occurs when the terminally ill patient is simply allowed to die as requested by the immediate family members or the attending physician
Passive non voluntary
Direct and willful destruction of one’s own life; usually destructive and violent termination of life
- Self-murder
suicide
There is no crime when ther is no law punishing it
Nullum crimen nulla poene sine lege
A treatment that appears to be real but is designed to have no therapeutic benefit.
Placebo
2 types of Placebo
single blind
double blind
One in which the evaluations of the results of the treatment
are kept from the patients who have received it in order to prevent any alterations in the results to the researchers or to the patients themselves
single blind
One in which the investigators and the patients involved in
the drug testing are kept ignorant about the process as they are not supposed to know who are receiving the drug and who are not. They are literally kept blind.
double blind
Ethical standards of placebo
placebo is considered acceptable provided that the effect will be beneficial to the person and is being carried out for their own good and for others who are similarly situated; or the study will benefit the whole of the society in many instances and not only the experimental subjects.
The science that deals with the interaction of the genes in producing similarities and differences between individuals related by descent.
Genetic engineering
Nonsexual reproduction which is an identical duplicate of an
organism
- A technological process whereby a duplicate of an organism
is produced by replacing the nucleus of the unfertilized
ovum with the nucleus of the organism’s somatic cells
Cloning
Purposes of cloning
a. Perpetuate geniuses
b. Prevent genetic disease in a selected posterity
c. Provide a genotype of one’s spouse, living or dead, of a deceased parent or other departed loved ones
d. Provide a form of immortality of donors
e. It can determine the sex of the children
f. Increase scientific knowledge about human reproduction
g. Reproduce soldiers and servant classes of people
h. It can exchange body parts and enhance social
communion
Known as regenerative medicine that promotes repair response of diseased or dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives
stem cell technology
during 3-5 days following fertilization, and prior implantation, a blastocyst (embryo) contains an inner cell mass that is capable of generating all the specialized tissues that make up the human body
embryonic stem cells
created in the laboratory, a happy medium between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. They are created through the introduction of embryonic genes into somatic cells that cause it to revert back into a stem cell like state
induced pluripotent stem cells
Refers to the means by which the sex of the offspring
sex selection
sex selection is done in three ways
Pre implantation method
Post Implantation
Post Birth
broader than pedophilia, it
is a sexual obsession with children including lesbian, and
heterosexual fixations as well as interest of men in boys.
sexual attachment to children
obscene and prurient literature or art.
pornography
when a person cannot anymore get sexually aroused without viewing pornographic representations or lascivious scenes
pornography addiction
painful coitus which in female may be caused by small vaginal entrance, inflammation, thick and inelastic hymen, infection of the ovary or f.tube, vaginal shrinkage, sagging of the pelvic structure and lack of lubrication while in male may be caused by inflammation
dyspareunia
strong spasmodic contractions of the muscles at the entrance of the vagina resulting to the clocking of penile-vaginal intromission usually caused by extreme fear,
extreme pain or poor personal relations between sex mates
vaginismus
prolonged and persistent erection of the penis or the clitoris usually without sexual desire and cannot be relieved by orgasm usually resulted from spinal cord
injuries
priapism
an extreme and ungovernable sexual
desires in women usually relieved with orgasms but the sexual desire was so intense that absent sex would go her into madness
nymphomania
refers to an extreme and ungovernable sexual desires in men
satyriasis
very rare condition in which an individual has both sex organs of a male and a female
hermaphroditism
is a sex anomaly in which a male has one or two hidden or undescended testes
cryptorchidism
very rare sexual phenomenon wherein, the penis is capture by the vagina in such a way that the male cannot release himself.
penis captivus
STIs
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
HIV
AIDS
a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhae. It is usually characterized by painful urination with blood-tinted or pus discharge in male while most of the time is asymptomatic in female. However, female may also experience painful urination, discharge of pus and itching and burning sensation of the vaginal lip – vulva
Neisseria gonorrhae
a sexually transmitted disease caused by Triponema pallidum. It is characterized by formation of a
chancre sore usually on the lips, face, anus and genitals.
syphilis
blood-borne virus that
attacks the body’s immune system
HIV
the advanced
stage of HIV infection characterized by dropping of CD4 T- cells below 200 causing the immune system to be badly damaged.
AIDS
Commandments of safer sex
- Use condo,
- Be loyal
- Avoid needle stick
- Don’t swallow semen or lick vaginas when in doubt
- Know your status
permanent cessation of all bodily functions;
Death
(medically)
cessation of life as indicated by the absence of blood circulation, respiration, pulse and other vital functions
death (legally)
irreversible cessation of the electroencephalogram (total flatline of the cerebral function), spontaneous function of the respiratory and circulatory system
Death
(medico-legally)
3 vital organs that sustain life
heart
lungs
brain
is when the patient shows total unreceptivity or unawareness to all external stimuli and is unresponsive to pain; the pupils of the eyes loss reflexes dilated and fixed (unresponsive to light)
brain death
is based on the cessation of blood circulation and breathing.
clinical death
Characteristics of death
- ineffable
- inescapable
- beyond experience
- personal
- ontological
- grand equalizer