FINALS Flashcards
refers to the systematic and consistent practice of mental and psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, or achieving greater sport and physical activity self-satisfaction.
psychological skills training
participants quickly recognize how important it is to acquire PST and how skills affect performance.
education phase
has three primary objectives: (a) to automate skills through overlearning, (b) to teach people to systematically integrate psychological skills into the performance situations, and (c) to simulate skills people will want to apply in actual competition.
practice phase
focuses on strategies and techniques for learning the various psychological skills.
acquisition phase
is the level of physical and psychological activation, on a scale from deep sleep to intense excitement.
arousal
this technique involves tensing and relaxing specific muscles.
progressive relaxation
is often considered key to achieving relaxation.
proper breathing
one of the easiest and most effective ways to control anxiety and muuscle tension.
breath control
is a physically oriented technique specifically designed to teach people to control physiological or autonomic responses.
biofeedback
a scientifically sound way of relaxing that was popularized by Herbert Benson.
relaxation response
consist of a series of exercises designed to produce sensations, specifically warmth and heaviness.
autogenic training
one of the most comprehensive stress management approaches.
cognitive-affective stress management training
during this phase, the consultant conducts personal interview to assess the kinds of circumstances that produce stress.
pre-treatment phase
the idea is to help the player understand his stress response by analyzing personal stress reactions and experiences.
treatment rationale
the major objective of the smt program is to develop an integrated coping response by acquiring both relaxation and cognitive intervention skills.
skill acquisition
to facilitate rehearsal process, the consultant intentionally induces different levels of stress
skill rehearsal
the individual is exposed to and learns to cope with stress in increasing amounts, thereby enhancing her immunity to stress.
stress inoculation training (SIT)
a somewhat controversial and often misunderstood technique for reducing both anxiety, as well as enhancing other mental skills.
hypnosis
participants need to trust the hypnotist and must want to be hypnotized, because suggestibility is critical for success.
induction phase
the participant’s physiological responses are virtually identical to those in relaxation phase.
hypnotic phase
the participants comes out of the trance.
waking phase
suggestions given to participants during hypnosis are often designed to influence them.
posthypnotic phase
a process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands or conflicts appraised as taxing or exceeding one’s resources.
coping
involves efforts to alter or manage the problem that is causing the stress for the individual concerned.
problem-focused coping
entails regulating the emotional responses to the problem that causes stress for the individual
emotion-focused coping
is also called visualization or mental rehearsal
imagery
means using your senses to rehearse your sport in your mind
imagery
refers to the imagery of the execution of a skill from your own vantage point
internal imagery
you view yourself from the perspective of an outside observer
external imagery
imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills because of the nature of the neuromuscular activity patterns activated during imaging
psychoneuromuscular theory
suggests that imagery may function as a coding system to help people understand and acquire movement pattern
symbolic learning theory
probably the best-develop theoretical explanation for the effects of imagery
bioinformational theory
are statements that describe specific stimulus features of the scenario to be imagined
stimulus propositions
aren statements that describe the imager’s response to the particular scenario and they are designed to produce physiological activity
response propositions
helps sustain the motivation and self-efficacy beleifs of exercise participants, which may the lead to greater involvement in physical activity
exercise imagery
good imagers use all of their senses to make their images vivid and detaild as possible
vividness
another key to successful imagery is learning to manipulate your images so they do what you want them to
controllability
is characterized by a high expectacy of success
self-confidence
confidence is a critical determinant of performance, it will not overcome incompetence
optimal self-confidence
people who are this are actually falsely confident
overconfidence
provides a model to study the effects of self-confidence on sport performance, persistence, and behaviour
self-efficacy theory
the perception of one’s ability to perform a task successfully, is really a situation-specific form of self-confidence
self-efficacy
provide the most dependable foundation for self-efficacy judgements because they are based on one’s mastery experiences
performance accomplishments
