CHAPTER 2

Question 1

is a blend of physiological and psychological activity in a person, and it refers to the intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment.

Answer 1

Arousal

Question 2

is a negative emotional state characterized by nervousness, worry, and apprehension and associated with activation or arousal of the body.

Answer 2

Anxiety

Question 3

Component of Anxiety

Answer 3

• Cognitive anxiety
• Somatic anxiety

Question 4

refers to the ever-changing mood component.

Answer 4

state anxiety

Question 5

concerns the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts

Answer 5

Cognitive state anxiety

Question 6

is not necessarily a change in one’s physical activation but rather one’s perception of such a change.

Answer 6

Somatic state anxiety

Question 7

concerns the moment-to-moment changes in perceived physiological activation.

Answer 7

Somatic state anxiety

Question 8

is part of the personality, an acquired behavioral tendency or disposition that influences behavior.

Answer 8

Trait anxiety

Question 9

are everywhere in sport and exercise settings

Answer 9

Emotions

Question 10

indicate that emotions are complex phenomena, “short-lived feeling states that occur in response to events” that one experiences.

Answer 10

Gill and Williams

Question 11

defined emotion as “an organized psychophysiological reaction to ongoing relationships with the environment, most often, but not always, interpersonal or social,” involving subjective experiences, observable actions or impulses to act, and physiological changes.

Answer 11

Richard Lazarus

Question 12

is defined as “a substantial imbalance between demand [physical and/or psychological] and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet that demand has important consequences”

Answer 12

Stress

Question 13

McGrath proposed stress consists of four interrelated stages

Answer 13

Stage 1: Environmental Demand
Stage 2: Perception of Demand
Stage 3: Stress Response
Stage 4: Behavioral Consequences

Question 14

two common sources of situational stress

Answer 14

Event Importance
Uncertainty

Question 15

is used to describe a person’s overall subjective sense of personal worth or value

Answer 15

Self-Esteem

Question 16

is a personality disposition defined as “the degree to which people become anxious when others observe their physiques”

Answer 16

Social Physique Anxiety

Question 17

The theory refers more broadly to the effects of the presence of others on performance, including coaction (two people performing simultaneously) or performance of a task simultaneously with others.

Answer 17

Drive Theory

Question 18

Explain the relationship between arousal states and performance

Answer 18

Inverted-U Hypothesis

Question 19

a noted Russian sport psychologist, presented an alternative view that he calls the individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF)model

Answer 19

Yuri Hanin

Question 20

predicts that cognitive state anxiety (worry) is negatively related to performance.

Answer 20

Multidimensional anxiety theory

Question 21

predicts that physiological arousal is related to performance in an inverted-U fashion, but only when an athlete is not worried or has low cognitive state anxiety.

Answer 21

Catastrophe Model

Question 22

contends that the way in which arousal affects performance depends basically on an individual’s interpretation of his arousal level.

Answer 22

Reversal Theory