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RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Forecast of the expected outcome of a disease

A

PROGNOSIS-

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2
Q

manifestations of a disease that paticet feels that are not observable the examiner (nabatyngan sang patient)

A

SYMPTOMS

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3
Q

measurable manifestations of disease the physician

A

SIGNS

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4
Q

enable living organism to handle physiologic demands

A

Cellular Injury and Adaptation process-

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5
Q
  • occurs with excessive external stimuli causing altered state but the cell remains viable. (ga adjust ang cell
A

CELLULAR ADAPTATION

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6
Q

-occurs if the limits of
adaptive capability are exceeded

A

CELLULAR INJURY

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7
Q

8 CAUSES OF CELLULAR INJURY:

A

ISCHEMIA
CHEMICAL AGENTS
PHYSICAL AGENTS
INFECTION
IMMUNOLOGIC REACTIONS
GENETIC DEFECTS
NUTRITIONAL DEFECTS
AGING

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8
Q

-decrease/ absent blood supply.

A

Ischemia

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9
Q

Low levels of охуgеn

A

Hypoxia-

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10
Q

-normal cell death

A

APOPTOSIS

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11
Q

premature cell death

A

NECROSIS

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12
Q

-cell shrinkage

A

ATROPHY

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13
Q

7 CAUSES OF ATROPHY:

A

DECREASED WORKLOAD
LOSS OF NERVE SUPPLY
DECREASED BLOOD SUPPLY
INADEQUATE NUTRITION
PRESSURE
LOSS OF HORMONAL STIMULATION-Menopausal
AGING

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14
Q

-increase in CELLS SIZE

A

HYPERTROPHY

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15
Q
  • a degeneration in the functioning of an organ due to the reduction
A

Hypotrophy

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16
Q

disease

A

Patho

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17
Q

study of

A

Logy

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18
Q

Discussion of abnormalities

-Study of suffering (literal definition)

-Study of diseases

-Study of structural and functional consequences of injurious stimuli to the cells, tissues and organs and systems

A

Pathology

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19
Q

2 DIVISIONS OF PATHOLOGY:

A

General pathology
Special/Systemic Pathology

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20
Q
  • pattern of body’s response to injury that causing the variations of normal condition (abnormal)
A

DISEASE

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21
Q

FOUR ASPECTS OF DISEASE PROCESS:

A

Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphologic changes
Clinical significance/Functional changes

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22
Q

Cause/Study of cause

A

Etiology

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23
Q

mechanism of disease development

A

Pathogenesis-

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24
Q

-structural alterations induced in cells and organs of body

A

Morphologic changes

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25
Q
  • functional consequences of the morphologic changes.
    -any changes on the body
A

Clinical significance/ Functional changes

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26
Q

2 GENERAL CLASSES OF ETIOLOGIC

A

Genetic
Acquired

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27
Q

Hereditary

A

Genetic

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28
Q

Has 4 divisions

A

Acquired

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29
Q

Acquired etiology 4 types

A

IVMT
Intections
Vascular
metabolic
traumatic

30
Q

CAUSES OF DISEASES CAN BE CLASSIFIED

A

Alteration of cell growth
nosocomial
iatrogenic
community acquiree
idiopathic

31
Q

loss of uniformity in adult cell

32
Q

abnormal desposition of calcuim salts

A

calcification

33
Q

2 types of cacification

A

Dystrophic calcification
metastatic calcification

34
Q

abnormal deposition of calcium in dead or dying tissues

A

dystrophic calcification

35
Q

calcium deposition in normal tissues

A

metastatic calcification

36
Q

6 Manifestation of disease:

A

Inflammation
Edema
ISCHEMIA
INFARCTION
HEMORRHAGE
ALTERATION OF CELL GROWTH

37
Q

5 CARDINAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INFLAMMATION

A

RUBOR (REDNESS)
CALOR (HEAT)
TUMOR (SWELLING)
DOLOR (PAIN)
FUNCTION OF LAESA (LOSS OF FUNCTION)

38
Q

-causes vascular permeability allowing passage of protein rich plasma into the interstitium and this would cause swelling

39
Q
  • INCREASE in caliber in blood vessel
A

VASODILATATION

40
Q

-DECREASE in caliber of blood vessel

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

41
Q
  • collection of pus
42
Q

purulent inflammatory exudates

43
Q

localized area of chronic inflammation with central necrosis

A

GRANULOMA-

44
Q

-local excavation of surface tissue due to shedding of inflammatory tissues

45
Q
  • substance that come out when you have inflammation. Usually comes from plasma or cells
A

INFLAMMATION

46
Q

4 EVENTS THAT CAUSE THE CARDINAL

A
  1. HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES-changes in blood flow

Causes

  1. Increased functional demand
  2. MIGRATION OF LEUKOCYTES
  3. PHAGOCYTOSIS AND ENZYMATIC DIGESTION OF DEAD CELLS
  4. REPAIR OF INJURY
47
Q

2 TYPES OF INFLAMMATION:

A

Chronic
Acute

48
Q
  • Of short duration TRANSIENT STIMULUS
49
Q
  • of longer duration with
    PERSISTENT STIMULUS
50
Q

SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE:

A

Fever
Leucocytosis

51
Q

is an abnormal elevation of the body temperature

52
Q
  • elevated white blood cell count
A

LEUCOCYTOSIS

53
Q

LOCAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE:

A

Abscess
Granuloma
Ulcer

54
Q

-elevated levels of calcium

A

hypercalcemia

55
Q

Abnormal new growth of cells which compete with normal cells & tissues for metabolic needs

A

Neoplasia (tumor)

56
Q

excessive fluid in the interstitial tissue or cavities

57
Q

2 CATEGORIES OF TUMOR:

A

BENIGN
MALIGNANT

58
Q
  • resemble their cells of origin, remain localized without spreading And offers a good prosis
59
Q
  • cells poorly differentiated, invade & destroy adjacent structures and spreads out (metastasis) and could lead to bad prognosis
60
Q

tissue death or necrosis due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.

A

Infarction

61
Q

most important adaptive changes

A

hypertrophy
atrophy
hyperplasia
metaplasia

62
Q

has high protein and celluar debris

63
Q

low protein

A

transudates

64
Q

generalized edema. all over

65
Q

localized edema. in one location

A

elephantiasis

66
Q

new growth in tumor

A

alteration of cell growth

67
Q

caused by physicians and their treatment

A

iatrogenic

68
Q

developed in hospitals or acute care facility

A

nosocomial

69
Q

contracted outide the healt facility

A

communities acquired

70
Q

underlying cause of disease unknown

A

idiopathic

71
Q

revesible change from one adult type cell to another

A

metaplasia

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (5 decks)

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