Final_Master_Blaster Flashcards
Infringement what is the basis?
if MS does not fully transpose the provisions of directives, or doesn’t rectify the suspected violation of EU law
What are the 5 steps?
1) letter of formal notice
2) Reasoned opinion
3) COM brings to CoJ
4) COM may ask for penalities
5) If break -> MS must comply
Reply deadlines in infringement procedure
2 months
When do financial penalities happen in the infringement procedure?
When referring to the court for the second time, the Commission proposes that the court impose financial penalties
History of EP
1958 ECSC Common Assembly was expanded to cover all three communities -> ‘European Parliamentary Assembly
1970: Budgetary power via T o Luxembourg and own resources
1975: discharge to the COM (for budget)
1992: Co-decision introduced
1997: Extension to more areas
2007: OLP for agriculture, justice, security
History of CoA
1975: Est.
1993: EU Institution
History of ECB
1990: Stage 1: ECU, free capital movement
1994: Stage2: Coordination, European Monetary Institute
1999: Stage 3; EMU Euro as book, SGP
2002: Bank notes+coins
History of Council
1952 Treaty of Paris
1958: Multiple councils
1965/7: Merger treaty
History of European Council
1974: Paris summit of December 1974
1992: formal status
1996: 4x meetings per year
2004: All meetings in Brussels
2009: First Permanent President
2009: Institution
History of COM
High Authority for the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) (1951)
Merger Treaty of 8 April 1965
History of CJEU
est. 1952 in Luxembourg
Shared court in Communities
2009: Renamed and two courts
Composition and appointment of EP
705 MEP 5 years
Pres: 2 1/2 by absolute majority
14 VP, 5 Quaestors, 7 Groups
Composition and appointment of CoA
1 per MS
proposed by MS, appointed by Council after consultation of EP
6year renewable
Pres: 3 years renewable by members
Composition and appointment of ECB
Exec Board: Appointed by EA MS at European Council for 8 non-renewable years by QMV, after consulting Gov Council and EP
Governing Council: Exec board + EA CB governors
Quorum 2/3
General Council: Exec Board + All CB Governors
Supervisory Board: Chair (5 years), VC 4 ECB, representatives of MS rotating
Composition of Council
General Affairs Council (GAC);
Foreign Affairs Council (FAC);
Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN);
Justice and Home Affairs Council (JHA);
Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO);
Competitiveness Council (COMPET);
Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council (TTE);
Agriculture and Fisheries Council (AGRIFISH);
Environment Council (ENV);
Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council (EYCS).
Rotating presidency Trio in 2019, 2020H1
Romania January-June 2019
Finland July-December 2019
Croatia January-June 2020
Rotating presidency Trio in 2020H2 2021
Germany July-December 2020
Portugal January-June 2021
Slovenia July-December 2021
Rotating presidency Trio in 2022, 2023H1
France January-June 2022
Czech Republic July-December 2022
Sweden January-June 2023
Appointment of COM Pres
European Council by QMV proposes taking into account the results of the European elections;
EP elects by a majority of its component Members
Appointment of COM
Council, acting by qualified majority and by common accord with the President-elect
Parliament elects or rejects the Commission-designate by a majority of the votes cast.
European Council appoints the Commission by qualified majority.
Yellow card and orange card thresholds
Yellow: threshold of 1/3 (1/4 freedom, security and justice)
Orange: simple majority of the votes of national Parliaments (28 out of 54)
Procedure of ex-ante warning (yellow/orange)
NP: weeks to provide reasoned opinion
COM maintain, amend or withdraw the proposal. an justification
ORange: publishes the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Rules of Council and EP in orange card procedure
If a simple majority of members of the European Parliament or 55% of Council members find that the proposal breaches the principle of subsidiarity, the proposal will not be given further consideration.
OLP proecdure
COM proposal
Uo to 2 readings
Conciliation committee
Third reading
SLP I: The Council, acting by qualified majority after consulting the European Parliament
bery few!
non-discrimination and citizenship: Art. 23;
a European research and technological development area - specific programmes: Art. 182 (4);
the most remote regions:
SLP II: The Council, acting unanimously, after consulting the European Parliament and, if appropriate, another institution and/or Committee
judicial cooperation in criminal matters (European Public Prosecutor’s Office): Art. 86 (1);
the European Parliament (uniform electoral procedure): Art. 223 (1);
the general and final provisions of the Treaty: Art. 352 (1).
SLP annual budget
European Commission draws up a draft budget 1 Sep
Council position 1 Oct
European Parliament may approve or amend (by a majority of its Members) 42 days
MFF procedure
Council shall act unanimously
after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament, which shall be given by a majority of its component members.
SLP The Council, acting unanimously, after consulting the European Parliament
Lots of fiscal details:
judicial cooperation in civil matters - family law: Art. 81 (3);
police cooperation: Art. 87 (3) and 89;
tax provisions: Art. 113;
approximation of laws: Art. 115;
language arrangements for European intellectual property rights: Art. 118;
economic policy (excessive deficits): Art. 126 (14);
monetary policy (other tasks of the European Central Bank): Art. 127 (6);
economic policy (excessive deficits): Art. 153 (2);
environment (especially fiscal measures): Art. 192 (2);
energy (measures primarily of a fiscal nature): Art. 194 (3);
association of overseas countries and territories: Art. 203;
Accession decision
COM opinion
EP consent by a majority of its Members
Council unanimous approval
accession treaty is signed by the applicant state and the Member States
EP groups
Group of the European People’s Party (Christian Democrats)
Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament
Renew Europe Group
Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance
Identity and Democracy Group
European Conservatives and Reformists Group
The Left group in the European Parliament - GUE/NGL
The six executive agencies
Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA);
European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA);
Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA);
Research Executive Agency (REA);
The Innovative & Networks Executive Agency (INEA).
Decentralised agencies: adopting individual decisions
Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) - Anvers
European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) - Alicante
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) - Cologne
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) - Helsinki
Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) - Ljuljana
European Banking Authority (EBA) - PAirs
European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) Paris
Decentralised agencies: providing direct assistance
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), Lisbob
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parama
European Union Agency for Railways, Valenciennes
European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam,
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC), Riga
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), Frankfurt
Single Resolution Board (SRB)
Decentralised agencies: operational activities:
European GNSS Agency (GSA), Pargue
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), Warsaw
The European Union’s Judicial Cooperation Unit (EUROJUST), The Hague
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement (CEPOL), Budapest
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation Training (EUROPOL), The Hague
European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), Vigo
European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice (eu-LISA), Talinn
Decentralised agencies: gathering, analysing and forwarding o
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop), Thessaloniki
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EUROFOUND), Dublin,
European Environment Agency (EEA), Copenhagen
European Training Foundation (ETF), Turin
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), Bilbao
European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA), Herakilion.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), Vienna
European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Vilnius
European Asylum Support Office (EASO), Valetta
Common Security and Defense Policy:
European Defense Agency (EDA), Brussels/
European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), PAris
European Union Satellite Centre (EUSC), Tera…
