ENA Flashcards
EESC President
Christa Schweng
two and a half years
Before Luca Cahier
CoR President
Apostolos Tzitzikostas
ToL and EESR+EP
EP can ask opinion of EESC since ToL
Swiss Referendum
1972 FTA
1992 EEA rejected (bilateral accepted in 2000)
2005 accepted Schengen/Dublin
Outcome Nice
reform the institutional structure of the European Union to with stand the challenges of the new enlargement.
Parliament’s legislative and supervisory powers are increased and qualified-majority voting is extended to more areas within the Council.
QMV for Commission nomination
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: When was it signed?
The Charter of fundamental rights was signed by the Presidents of the European Parliament, the Commission and the Council at the Nice European Council.
Nice (France) 7 December 2000 and slightly modified on 12 December 2007 in Strasbourg (France)
Entry into force: the Treaty of Lisbon (and previously, part of the unsuccessful Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe)
Goal Treaty of Amsterdam
entry into force in May 1999,
co-decision procedure simplified and broadened
EP to approve the Commission President.
Goal of Maastricht
Pillar
1) European Communities
2) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CSFP) 3) Justice and Home Affairs (JHA).
the EEC becomes the European Community(EC).
The EP’s legislative and supervisory powers increase with the introduction of the codecision procedure and extension of the cooperation procedure.
EP right to invite the Commission to present a legislative proposal
The entire Commission must also now be approved by the EP,
EP appoints the European Ombudsman.
Outcome SEA
amendments to the Treaties establishing
the title ‘European Parliament’(which the Assembly had used since 1962) was made official.
The SEA also increased the EP’s legislative powers with the introduction of the cooperation and assent procedures.
Outcome Second budgetary Treaty (Treaty of Brussels)
the EP the right to reject the Community budget and to grant discharge to the Commission of implementation of the budget)
establishment of a Court of Auditors.
Outcome first budgetary Treaty (Treaty of Lux)
budgetary powers of the Assembly increased as Member States’ financial contributions were replaced by “own resources”.
Outcome of Merger Treaty
merged the executives of ECSC, the EEC and the Euratom.
Euroatom Treaty
research and disseminating technical information
uniform safety standards
to facilitate research
to ensure civil nuclear materials are not diverted to other uses,
Outcome Treaty of Rome
Establishing the European Economic Community (EEC)
both new Communities, decisions were taken by the Council on a proposal from the Commission.
The Parliamentary Assembly is to be consulted, and give its opinions to the Council.
The Assembly increases in size to 142 members. The European Parliamentary Assembly held its first session the following year, on 19 March 1958.
a specific provision is made for members to be directly elected (this was implemented in 1979).
Outcome Treaty of Paris
for a 50-year period.
Members of the European Parliamentary Assembly were selected by their national parliaments.
The Assembly had the right to dismiss the High Authority (precursor to today’s Commission).
Outcome Lisbon
the European Council became an EU institution
EP appoint the President of the Commission, on the basis of a proposal from the European Council that takes into account elections.
Codecision is further extended to new areas, and known as the «ordinary legislative procedure».
With a few exceptions, the Treaty puts the European Parliament on an equal footing as law maker with the Council in areas where this was not previously the case, notably in setting the EU budget (Parliament enjoys full parity), agriculture policy and justice and home affairs.
Non-legislative acts
decisions that are adopted, generally by the European Commission, following delegation (delegated acts) or in order to implement a legislative act (implementing acts)
For a non-legislative act to be adopted, a legislative act must first delegate to the Commission the power to adopt it.
Right of initiative
Only Commission
Commission president proposed by European Council with …
QMV
Who can ask the Court of Justice to fire a CSSR?
COMM and Council
Blocking minority in the council since Nov 2014
quatre membres du Conseil représentant 35 % de la population
CoR
Created in 1992 under the Treaty of Maastricht and established in 1994,
must be consulted by the Commission, Council and Parliament on certain topics affecting local or regional interests
economic and social cohesion, employment, social policy, energy and telecommunications, vocational training, and, since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, issues such as climate change and civil protection.
The CoR may also draw up opinions on its own initiative.
329 Members Council of the EU appoints the members for a 5-year term
The CoR also has the right to bring legal actions before the Court of Justice
to protect its own institutional rights;
to ask for the annulment of new EU legislation, on the topics where it must be consulted, that it considers being in breach of the principle of subsidiarity.
Francovitch case
1991: decision of the European member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state’s failure to transpose an EU directive into national law.
Pleven Plan
proposing the constitution of a European army of 100 000 men.
combine battalions from various European countries, including Germany.
Which treaty introduced EMU
Maastricht
What part of the failed constitution was not included in ToL
1) European laws as an instruments
2) Reference to symbols
Which treaty mentions European Council
1974: Born
1986: SEA
1992 ToM formal status and role - to provide the impetus and general political guidelines for the EU.
In 2009, following the Lisbon Treaty, became one of the 7 EU institutions.
Jurisdiction of The Court of Justice in CSFP
no jurisdiction in the field of the CFSP except for:
when reviewing the legality of restrictive measures (e.g. sanctions) taken by the EU against individuals and legal persons;
when monitoring the implementation of the CFSP by the EU institutions.
Decision marking in CFSP
The European Council determines the objectives
the Council of the EU votes on actions or positions to be taken under the CFSP.
While decisions made by the Council of the EU require unanimity, aspects of decisions can be decided by qualified majority voting, which means 55 % of EU country votes, representing at least 65 % of the EU’s population
Comitology
set of procedures through which Commission exercises the implementing powers conferred on it by the EU legislator, with the assistance of committees of representatives from EU countries.
chaired by a Commission official and give an opinion on implementing acts proposed by the Commission.
two types of procedures:
examination and
advisory.
SGP
part of the third stage of economic and monetary union (EMU).
comprised a European Council resolution (adopted in 1997) and two Council Regulations of 7 July 1997 laying down detailed technical arrangements (one on the surveillance of budgetary positions and the coordination of economic policies and the other on implementing the excessive deficit procedure).
2+ 6pack
Fiscal Compact
6 Pack
the 6-pack (which introduced a system to monitor broader economic policies, so as to detect problems like real estate bubbles or falling competitiveness early on);
2 pack
the 2-pack (a new cycle of monitoring for the euro area, with countries - except those with macroeconomic adjustment programmes - submitting their draft budgetary plans to the European Commission every autumn);
Fiscal compact
the 2012 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance (Fiscal Compact) which introduces stricter fiscal provisions than the SGP.
3 biggest MS by area
FR (550.000 sqkm)
Spain
Sweden
5 biggest MS by pop
1 Germany 80,523,700 2 France 65,633,200 3 Italy 59,685,200 4 Spain 46,704,300 6 Poland 38,533,300
Pilars of CAP
1)direct payments (i.e. annual payments to farmers to help stabilise farm revenues in the face of volatile market prices and weather conditions) and market measures (to tackle specific market situations and to support trade promotion).
(€308.72 billion)
2) rural development policy
€99.6 billion
Total 38% of eu budget a total of €408.31
Social protocol
11 MS agreed on the provisions of a new Social Chapter for Maastricht Treaty
the Treaty on European Union on 7 February 1992, a Protocol on Social Policy and an Agreement, annexed to the Protocol, between 11 Member States, with the exception of the UK (opt-out),
Values of EU (art. 2 TEU)
respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities
Since when does the European Council meet in Bruxelles
2004
Unanimity in Council
common foreign and security policy
citizenship (the granting of new rights to EU citizens)
EU membership
harmonisation of national legislation on indirect taxation
EU finances (own resources, the multiannual financial framework)
certain provisions in the field of justice and home affairs (the European prosecutor, family law, operational police cooperation, etc.)
harmonisation of national legislation in the field of social security and social protection.
