EU1

Question 1

Areas of unanimity voting council

Answer 1

matters which the member states consider to be sensitive. For example:

common foreign and security policy (with the exception of certain clearly defined cases which require qualified majority, e.g. appointment of a special representative)
citizenship (the granting of new rights to EU citizens)
EU membership
harmonisation of national legislation on indirect taxation
EU finances (own resources, the multiannual financial framework)
certain provisions in the field of justice and home affairs (the European prosecutor, family law, operational police cooperation, etc.)
harmonisation of national legislation in the field of social security and social protection.

Question 2

EU own resources

Answer 2

1) Duties and levies: 18%
2) VAT: 12%
3) GNI based contributions: 70%

Question 3

VAT revenue EU

Answer 3

uniform call rate (0.30% for all Member States except Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden that benefit from a reduced call rate of 0.15%) to the national VAT base

The national VAT base to which the call rate is applied cannot exceed 50% of the GNI of the Member State. (“capping”)
The share of the VAT-based resource constituted 12.2 % of total revenue in 2017 (roughly equal to EUR 17 billion).

significant decline since 1988, when the VAT-based resource accounted for 60% of receipts

Question 4

GNI based revenues

Answer 4

largest source of the EU budget
nsures that the general budget of the Union is always initially balanced.

The GNI call rate is determined by the additional revenue needed to finance the budgeted expenditure not covered by the other resources
applied to the GNI of each of the Member States.

the total amount of own resources allocated to the Union to cover annual appropriations for payments cannot exceed 1.20 % of the sum of all the Member States’ GNI

Question 5

Sugar tax

Answer 5

According to Regulation the sugar quota system ended by the marketing year 2016/2017 (30 September 2017).

Member States paid the sugar production tax and the surplus levy to the EU for the last time in March 2017 and June 2018. Thereafter, there will be no longer payment of TOR from sugar levies.

Question 6

Committee of regions

Answer 6

Since Maastricht, est, in 1994.

Principles: Subsidiarity, Proximity, Partnership

CoR has the right to approach CoJ for subsidiarity and proportionality since ToL

329 Members

Since Nice: Members are politically accountable/elected