Final - Week 14 - The rise of dictatorial Regimes Flashcards
Totalitarian state:
a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual,
and cultural lives of its citizens
Fasci di combattimento:
Los Fasci italiani di combattimento (literalmente, fasces italianos de combate) fueron una organización política fascista italiana creada por Benito Mussolini en Milán el 23 de marzo de 1919. Esta organización sería el núcleo del futuro Partido Nacional Fascista de Mussolini.
Mussolini:
The king of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, gave in and made Mussolini prime minister. Mussolini used his position to create a Fascist dictatorship. The prime minister was made head of the government, with the power to make laws by decree. The police were given unlimited power to arrest and jail people. In 1926, the Fascists outlawed all other political parties in Italy. Mussolini ruled Italy as Il Duce, “The Leader.”
National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI):
In 1919, Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party, a right-wing extreme nationalist party in Munich. By the summer of 1921, Hitler had taken total control of the party, which was renamed the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) or Nazi for short.
Adolf Hitler:
Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. He moved to Vienna to become an artist but was rejected by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. While in Vienna, however, he developed his basic ideas. Racism was at the center of Hitler’s ideas. Hitler was also an extreme nationalist. He believed in the need for struggle and understood how political parties could use propaganda and terror.
Mein Kampf:
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My
Struggle), a book about his movement and its basic ideas. In Mein Kampf, extreme German nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, and anticommunism are combined with a theory of struggle. Hitler’s theory emphasized the right of superior nations to gain lebensraum (living space) through expansion. It also emphasized the right of superior individuals to gain authoritarian leadership
over the masses.
New Economic Policy (Soviet Union):
an economic policy in Russia under Lenin that was a modified version of the old capitalist system
Joseph Stalin:
Stalin was the party general secretary and appointed regional and local party officials. He used this influential position to gain control of the Communist Party. Because he had appointed thousands of officials within the party, he had a great deal of support. By 1929, Stalin was able to establish a powerful dictatorship. Trotsky was expelled from the party and eventually murdered.
Five Year Plans:
The Stalinist Era was a period of economic, social and political changes that were even more revolutionary than the revolutions of 1917. Stalin ended the NEP in 1928 and began his first Five-Year Plan. The Five-Year Plans set economic goals for five-year periods. Their purpose was to transform Russia from an agricultural country into an industrial country.
Collective Farms (China):
Collective farms could now lease land to peasant families who paid rent to the collective. Anything produced on the land above the amount of the rent could be sold on the private market. Overall, modernization worked. Industrial output skyrocketed. Per capita (per person) income doubled during the 1980s. The standard of living increased for most people.
Francisco Franco:
General Francisco Franco led a revolt against the democratic government in 1936. A bloody civil war began. Germany and Italy aided Franco’s forces with weapons, money, and men. The Spanish republican government was aided by thousands of foreign volunteers and by trucks, planes, tanks, and advisers from the Soviet Union. The Spanish Civil War ended when Franco’s forces took Madrid in 1939. Franco established a dictatorship that favored large landowners, businesspeople, and the Catholic clergy. Because it favored traditional groups and did not try to control every aspect of people’s lives, his dictatorship was authoritarian, not totalitarian.
Appeasement:
Great Britain did not support the use of force against Germany. Great Britain began to practice a policy of appeasement. This policy was based on the belief that if European states satisfied the reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers, the dissatisfied powers would be content, and peace would be maintained.
