Final - Week 12 - Industrial Revolution

Question 1

James Hargreave:

Answer 1

In 1764 James Hargreaves had invented a spinning machine called the spinning
jenny, which made the spinning process faster.

Question 2

Edmund Cartwright:

Answer 2

Edmund Cartwright had invented a water-powered loom that made it possible for the weaving of cloth to catch up with the spinning of thread. It now became more efficient to do the work in factories, which were located near streams and rivers.

Question 3

James Watt,

Answer 3

Soho Foundry (Smethwick, cerca de Birmingham, Inglaterra), inaugurada en 1795 por Boulton, Watt and Sons, la empresa constituida veinte años antes por Matthew Boulton y James Watt, fue una fundición y fabrica dedicada a la fabricación de máquinas de vapor

Question 4

Trade Union:

Answer 4

The desire to improve their working and living conditions led many industrial w

Question 5

Luddites:

Answer 5

The Luddites were a group of English textile workers and weavers in the 19th century who destroyed weaving machinery as a form of protest. The group was protesting the use of machinery in a “fraudulent and deceitful manner” to get around standard labour practices.[1] Luddites feared that the time spent learning the skills of their craft would go to waste as machines would replace their role in the industryorkers to form Socialist political parties and trade unions.

Question 6

Factory Act 1833 in England

Answer 6

The Factory Acts were a series of UK labour law Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to regulate the conditions of industrial employment. The early Acts concentrated on regulating the hours of work and moral welfare of young children employed in cotton mills but were effectively unenforced until the Act of 1833 established a professional Factory Inspectorate. The regulation of working hours was then extended to women

Question 7

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England (4 factors)?

Answer 7

The Agricultural Revolution 
Population Growth
Financial Innovations
The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution
Navigable Rivers and Canals

Question 8

Identify 3 characteristics of the Industrial Middle Class and the Industrial Working Class in Europe.

Answer 8

The middle class was composed of businessmen and other professionals. The larger the Industrial Revolution grew, the more powerful these individuals became. Individuals and groups formed new libraries, schools, and universities because there was a sudden need for education (possibly due to the increase in population). The middle and upper classes had better food and housing, which led to fewer diseases and longer living among these groups. Since these classes were treated so well, their population grew and thus had minimal difficulty living during the Industrial Revolution.
In the working class, many were replaced in factories by machines. But on the other hand, many also gained new jobs in factories working with machinery. The average adult worker worked quite often: five to seven days of the week, for more than half the day per shift. Children as young as fifteen worked for minimal wages. Some of the children became deformed or crippled due to their work, which was often. Most workers worked for relatively low wages due to their incapability to produce goods. The women and children were not paid as much as the men were. The housing was not desirable either – for example there was frequent overcrowding. The housing had unsanitary features which led to diseases. Workers who were desperate lived near a factory. What also made life difficult during the Industrial Revolution was that there were limited privileges such as few people voted, nor were they allowed to do anything to improve their working condition that was legal. The amount of carbon dioxide increased two-fold as people moved closer to factories hoping to obtain employment. Resources started diminishing, and the use of pesticides and hazardous chemicals began to increase.

Question 9

Identify and discuss FOUR key ideas put forward by Karl Marx

Answer 9

1 Marx believed that industrialized societies were splitting up into two great classes. The bourgeoisie (the middle class) were the oppressors. The proletariat (the working class) were the oppressed.
2 Marx predicted that the struggle between the two groups would finally lead to an open
revolution where the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie.
3 After their victory, the proletariat would form a dictatorship (government in which a person or group has absolute power) to organize the means of production.
4 Marx believed that the final revolution would ultimately produce a classless society.