Final - Week 12 - Reactions after French Revolution

Question 1

Clemens Von Metternich

Answer 1

After the defeat of Napoleon, European rulers wanted to restore the old order. The great powers (Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia) met at the Congress of Vienna in September 1814 to arrange a final peace settlement. The leader of the congress was the Austrian foreign minister, Prince Klemens von Metternich. He claimed that he was guided by the principle of legitimacy. This meant that monarchs from the royal families that had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to their positions of power in order to keep peace and stability in Europe.

Question 2

Principle of Legitimacy

Answer 2

Metternich’s wanted to restore lawful monarchs from the royal families that had ruled before Napoleon to their positions of power in order to keep peace and stability in Europe

Question 3

Balance of Power

Answer 3

To maintain the new balance of power, Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, and later France, agreed to have meetings that would maintain the peace in Europe. These meetings were called the Concert of Europe. Eventually, most of the great powers adopted a principle of intervention. According to this principle, the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones. Britain refused to accept the principle, arguing that the great powers should not interfere in the internal affairs of other states.

Question 4

Prussia and Austria.

Answer 4

La guerra austro-prusiana o guerra de las Siete Semanas fue un conflicto militar en el seno de la Confederación Germánica, ocurrido entre el 14 de junio y el 23 de agosto de 1866, entre el Imperio austríaco y Prusia por el que esta última, que resultó vencedora, se convirtió en el Estado hegemónico de Alemania.

Question 5

Socialism

Answer 5

a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls
the means of production

Question 6

Utopian Socialists

Answer 6

Robert Owen, a British cotton manufacturer, was one utopian socialist. He believed that humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment. He formed two communities, one at New Lanark in Scotland and one at New Harmony, Indiana. The community at New Lanark flourished, but the one at New Harmony failed.

Question 7

Revolutions of 1830 (Basic causes)

Answer 7

The Revolutions of 1830 were a revolutionary wave in Europe which took place in 1830. It included two “romantic nationalist” revolutions, the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France along with revolutions in Congress Poland and Switzerland. It was followed eighteen years later, by another and possibly even stronger wave of revolutions known as the Revolutions of 1848.

Question 8

Revolutions of 1848 (Basic causes)

Answer 8

were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in European history. The revolutions were essentially democratic in nature, with the aim of removing the old feudal structures and creating independent national states. The first revolution began in January in Sicily. Revolutions then spread across Europe after a separate revolution began in France in February. Over 50 countries were affected, but with no coordination or cooperation among their respective revolutionaries. According to Evans and von Strandmann (2000), some of the major contributing factors were widespread dissatisfaction with political leadership, demands for more participation in government and democracy, demands for freedom of press, other demands made by the working class, the upsurge of nationalism, and the regrouping of established governmental forces