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Final Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

A.D is equivalent to

A

CE Common Era

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2
Q

B.C is equivalent to

A

B.C.E Before Common Era

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3
Q

Prehistory

A

Time before recorded history

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4
Q

Modern Era

A

historical time period from 1500 C.E. to 1945 C.E.

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5
Q

Ancient Era

A

in the period 3000 BC – AD 500.

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6
Q

Characteristics of Confucianism

A

It is a ethical system that founder is Confucius. The major texts are the Analects and the five classics. Symbols :yin yang. Their beliefs are education benefit self and society. It is mostly Asia with 6.5 milllion followers

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7
Q

Characteristics of Buddhism

A

It is a religion and an ethical system. Founder is Budda. The major texts are the “four noble truths”. Symbols is a wheel and lotus flower. Belief is that avoid suffering and dont want rebirth niravana achieved by 8 fold path. It is in China, Asia, South East with 500 million followers

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8
Q

Characteristics of hinduism

A

It is a religion. Founder is the Indian People. The major texts are the Vedas and Bhagavad-Gita. Om is a symbol. Belief is that soul never dies + rebirths and happiness achieved by getting rid of earthly desires freedom from worship, knowledge, and acts of karma. In India with 1 billion followers

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9
Q

Characteristics of Judaism

A

It is a religion. Founder is Abraham/Moses. Symbols is the Star of David. Belief is that God loves and protects people. People serve God by studying Torah. Major Text is the Torah. In the U.S or Israel with 14 million people

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10
Q

Characteristics of christianity

A

It is a religion based on life and teachings of Jesus. Founder is God/Jesus/Mary etc. Major text is the Bible. The symbols are cross, dove, and lamb. Belief is that God will come again and God died for us salvation and religion and faith. In USA, Europe, and South America with 2.2 billion people.

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11
Q

Characteristics of Islam

A

Religion. Founder is Muhammad. Major texts are The Quran. Symbols are angel, crescent, and star. Beliefs are follow the five pillars of Islam. In North Africa and south east Asia with 1.8 billion people

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12
Q

A.D stand for

A

Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord)

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13
Q

Definition of Renaissance features necessary for a renaissance

A

Scientific laws, new forms of art and architecture, and new religious and political ideas. It was a revival of classical learning and wisdom.

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14
Q

Machiavelli

A

Italian writer and political advisor who wrote “the Prince”/ believed that it was better to be feared than loved

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15
Q

Printing press

A

Developed around 1440s by Johann Gutenberg, this machine allowed books to made easier and cheaper which led to more reading and writing and education

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16
Q

Erasmus

A

Christian humanist from Holland in early 1500s who often poked fun at mankind and also believed that society would improve if people studied the Bible; wrote “the Praise of Folly”, a book that criticized the Pope.

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17
Q

Sir Tomas Moore

A

He was an English Christian humanist who wrote “utopia”, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society

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18
Q

Humanism

A

An intellectual movement that that focused on individual humans and their values, capacities, and worth AND promoted direct study of the literature, art, and civilization of classical Greece and Rome

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19
Q

Renaissance man/woman

A

Characterized the Renaissance ideals

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20
Q

Causes of the Renaissance

A

Humanism, rediscovery of antiquity, printing press, technological change, crusades, political factors, Black Death, Renaissance art, and cultural exchange

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21
Q

Causes of the reformation

A

The Catholic Church selling indulgences, the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, the power of the Princes, martin Luther’s 95 theses, the invention of the printing press for faster printing and sending of information, and other actions against the church

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22
Q

St. Ignatius

A

Former soldier who wrote “Spiritual Exercises” and founded the Jesuit order during the Counter-Reformation

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23
Q

Luther

A

German Augustinian monk who taught theology at the University of Wittenberg and posted the “95 Theses” in 1517, criticizing the sale of indulgences

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24
Q

Calvin

A

Reformer and theological who wrote “Institutes of the Christian Religion” and maintained that only certain people were destined for salvation

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25
Henry VIII
Ruler of England who started the Anglican Church because he wanted a son, he married six times
26
Theocracy
Religious government, Calvin’s Geneva Switzerland was one during the Reformation
27
Council of Trent
Recommend reforms and tighten discipline in the church as a response to the Reformation
28
Catholic responses to Reformation
A Counter-Reformation initiated by the Council of Trent. Established new organizations as part of the reaction to the Reformation
29
Sunni and Shi’ite
Sunni, member of one of the two major branches of Islam. Shi’ite is a person who belongs to one of the two main branches of Islam
30
Shah
Leader of the Safavid Empire
31
Sultan
The ruler of the Muslim country
32
Cultural blending/assimiltion
The principle that when civilizations interact there is an exchange of ideas as each culture, way of life impacts the other. Trade, conquest, and pursuit of religious converts added to this practice under the Ottoman
33
Causes for decline of Empires
The empires were expensive. Over time the expenses would go up like armies, food, resources, education, and propaganda. They were too expensive to deal with
34
Ottoman Empire
Was known for controlling a vast expanse of territory and conquering Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire
35
Memhed II
Ottoman sultan called the “conqueror”, responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. Opened the city to many religions
36
Constantinople
An ancient city in modern-day Turkey that’s now known as Istanbul
37
Suleyman achievements
Led ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade and Rhodes as well as most of Hungary
38
Zheng He
An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Youngblood with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from the Southeast Asia to Africa.
39
Haiku
A type of short form poetry that was formed in Japan and it is in the pattern of 5, 7, 5
40
Kowtow
A former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission
41
Hongwu
First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry
42
Prince Henry of Portugal
Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sabre’s and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal’s colonial empire
43
Technological Advancements
Guns, iron tools, weapons, Christianity and Roman law, wheat and sugarcane, horses and cattle
44
Treaty of Tordesillas
Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. Created by the pope to decrease conflict among Europeans over claims in the New World
45
China’s economy
Traded many Africa goods like ivory, medicines, spices, and exotic woods
46
Closed country policy
Only the government was allowed to trade with foreign countries and only in certain locations
47
European motive for exploration
Religious expansion, desire for wealth, glory, motives for exploration, and trade
48
Feudalism
Relating to a system in which people (called vassals) were given protection and the use of land, in return for loyalty, payments, and service to a lord
49
Mercantilism
Economic policy of increasing wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and sliver and selling more goods than are bought
50
Balance of Trade
Condition resulting from selling more good than are bought
51
Capitalism
Economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit
52
Market Economy
The economy experiences growth over two or more consecutive quarters
53
Law of Supply and Demand
The amount of commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered as factors regulating its price
54
Joint Stock Company
Company in which people pooled their wealth for a common purpose
55
Commercial Revolution
A period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the late 13th century until the early 18th century
56
Areas of Slave exportation and importation
Central Africa and West Africa
57
Cortes and Aztec
Cortes was a conquistador who defeated the Aztec
58
Encomienda system
System of mining and farming using natives as slave labor
59
Differences in slavery systems in Africa and Americas
Not based on race, laws protected slaves and not normally lifelong
60
Impact on natives of encounter with Europeans
Established of settlements in newly discovered lands, starvation, loss of land, and culture, disease, and slavery
61
Triangular Trade
Europeans trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe involving slaves and other goods
62
Columbian Exchange
Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas
63
Phillip II
Ruler of one of the largest empires the world had ever seen (Spain)
64
Louis XIV
The outbreak of the French Revolution and the end of Versailles’ royal era
65
Frederick II
Leader of Prussia who sought to increase its territory
66
Peter the great
Was Tsar of all Russia from 1682, and the first emperor of all Russia
67
Characteristics of absolutism
Unlimited centralized authority and absolute sovereignty, as vested especially in a monarch or dictator
68
Divine right
Belief that god placed the monarch on the throne so the monarch was only answerable to God
69
Cromwell
Leader of the puritans and head of the English government from 1649-1658. He abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords and sent the remaining members home and rules as a dictator
70
English civil war
War fought from 1642 to 1649 between the Royalists or Cavaliers, and the Puritan supporters of Parliament
71
Glorious revolution
This is when William and Mary ruled with Parliament as partners, with the power of the monarchy was limited by the Bill of Rights
72
English bill of rights
It made clear the limits of royal power
73
Restoration
The period in England from 1660 to 1688 when the monarchy was reestablished after the Interregnum that followed the English Civil War

History (8 decks)

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