FINAL: vertebrae + ribs + paravertebral muscles Flashcards by E Santavy

What is the function of intervertebral discs?

Shock absorption

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What is the role of the vertebral column?

Support trunk and body weight

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The vertebrae are held in place by:

intervertebral discs
intervertebral ligs
deep back muscles

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How many vertebrae are there?

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What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column and how many vertebrae are in each one?

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral (fused)
4 (3-5) coccygeal (fused)

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What are the roles of the vertebrae?

enclose/protect spinal cord
support head
attachement for ribs, pelvis, and back muscles

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What are the 2 parts of the vertebral arch of a typical vertebra?

pedicles
laminae

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What type of joints are the articulating processes and facets of vertebrae?

Zygopophyseal jnts (diarthrosis synovial gliding)

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What is the role of cervical vertebrae?

Support head

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Where can you find transverse foramen? What passes through it?

cervical vertebrae: vertebral a.

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Which vertebrae are the most mobile of the C-Spine?

C4-C5 and C5-C6

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What is C1 called? What is it missin?

Atlas; no body

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What is the motion that the atlas allows?

Flexion/extension of head (nodding)

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What is a special feature of the Axis?

Odontoid process/dens

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What is the action of the Axis?

“no”

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What are common injuries of the axis?

whiplash

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Which group of vertebrae articulate with ribs? what is the name of the jnt?

Thoracic vertebrae: costovertebral jnts

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Which Thoracic vertebrae do NOT articulate with the ribs?

T11-T12

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Which ribs articulate with only ONE Thoracic vertebra?

1, 10, 11, 12

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What is the breakdown of the facets of the thoracic vertebrae?

T1: sup. facet; inf. demi-facet
T2-T8: sup./inf. demi-facets
T9: sup. demi-facet
T10-T12: sup. facet

When does the spinal cord end? and then what begins?

L1, cauda equina begins

What movements do L4-L5 and L5-S1 allow for? What is common at those levels?

Flexion and extension
- disc/facet degeneration

What are the canals of the sacrum?

Sacral canal, and sacral hiatus (inferior)

What are the 3 abnormal curvatures?

Lordosis: exaggerated curving in L-spine
Kyphosis: exaggerated curving in the T-spine
Scoliosis: lateral deviation of the spine from the midline

What happens in the pelvic wheel when the pelvis is anteriorly tilted?

- tight hip flexors + erector spinae - stretches abs +glutes +hamstrings

What happens in the pelvic wheel when the pelvis is posteriorly tilted?

- tight glutes + hamstrings + abs - stretched erector spinae + hip flexors

What are the 2 parts of intervertebral discs?

Outer fibrous ring: annulous fibrosus Inner elastic: nucleus pulposus

Where are there no intervertebral discs?

btwn occiput and C1, and btwn C1 and C2

Where is the last disc?

Btwn S5 and Co1

What is the thoracic cage comprised of?

T-vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

Manubrium - 1st rib Body - ribs 2-10 Xyphoid process (ossifies by age 40)

What are the true ribs?

first 7 pairs

What are the false ribs?

last 5 pairs

What are the floating ribs?

last 2 pairs

What is the space btwn the ribs called?

intercostal space

Rib mvmt is how much of respiratory effort?

25%

What is the difference between extrinsic vs intrinsic paravertebral muscles?

intrinsic have O and I on the spine

What are the 3 divisions of the paravertebral muscles?

Superficial group (extrinsic) Intermediate group (extrinsic) Deep group (intrinsic)

What are the muscles in the superficial group?

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids

What is the role of the superficial muscle group and what is it's nerve supply?

- control limb mvmt, connect upper limb to trunk - ventral rami of cervical nerves

What is the function of the intermediate muscle group?

control respiratory mvmts

What are the muscles of the intermediate muscle group? what are they innervated by?

Serratus posterior superior (deep to rhomboids): first 4 intercostal n. Serratus posterior inferior (deep to lats): last 4 intercostal n.

What are the the deep group muscles innervated by?

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Explain where the fascia that encloses the deep muscles attaches to

- attaches medially to lig nuchae, spinous process, supraspinous lig, and median sacral crest - attaches laterally to cervical and lumbar transperse process and rib angles

What is the thoracic and lumbar part of the fascia of the deep muscles called?

Thoracolumbar fascia

Deep group: what muscle is in the superficial intrinsic layer

Spenius: - cervicis (cervical vertebrae) - capitis (skull)

Deep group: what muscle(s) are in the intermediate intrinsic layer

Erector Spinae: - iliocostalis (lateral) - longissimus (intermediate) - spinalis (medial)

Deep group: what are the muscles in the deep intrinsic muscle layer?

- semispinalis (capitis, thoracis, cervicis) - multifidus - rotatores - interspinalis - intertransversarii - levator costarum

What is the transversospinal muscle group?

Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores