Final Tests from Cengage Flashcards
A theory is considered superior to other theories if it
has the smallest number of statements
fewest assumptions
explains broadest range of phenomena
makes predictions with most accurate
(comprehensive, accurate, concise)
Scientists must eliminate biases and prior commitments to achieve
objectivity
Steps of Theory Construction
Topic
Assumptions
Specify range of phenomena
Concepts/variables
Hypotheses/proposition
state theory
Does a theory involve data processing methods, sampling technique, or research findings.
NO! these go into research proposals
In order for a causal relationship to exist
there must be a change in the second value when there is a change in the first value
What is small area analysis primarily useful for?
studying how different practice styles affect health care utilization
Clinical Research
Applied to individual patients (preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic services)
Comparative effectiveness research
studies effects/effectiveness of different treatment options
Biomedical Research
sub-individual level health
Epidemiological research
frequency, distirbution, and determinants of health and diseases among pops
Outcomes research
Understanding actual results of health care practices and interventions
Environemental health research
focuses on treating population health by treating their environments
Conceptualization results in….
determining the specific research topic
What type of research is usually conducted when relatively little is know about phenomenon under study?
exploratory
Literature review is important because it
suggests pertinent research design
identifies relevant exisitng theories
narrows down scope of research plus relevant variables
The incidence of lung cancer is higher among males than females is a _____ statement
difference
If you smoke, then you will develop lung cancer is a ______ statement
conditional
The more you smoke, the worse your lungs get is a ________ statement
continuous
Environmental theory sees health as a _____ issue
social
Blum and CDC both identified ____ as the least important factor in determining health
medical care (environment, lifestyle, and heredity take priority)
Person-type indicators
Measures of limitation of mobility and functional activity
Event type indicators
Restricted-activity ddays of cutdown days
Morbidity
Incidence and Prevalence
Incidence
Number of new cases that develop in a population in a given time period (new cases)
Prevalence
Number of people in population who have disease (regardless of when they developed it) in a given time period (existing cases)
Mortality
death rate
Health services organizations
Hospitals, nursing homes, public health departments
Health service providers
physcians, dentists, therapists
Behavioral risk factors
lifestyles that can be harmful to a person’s health and predictive of increased risk fo certain diseases/mortality
3 forms of behavioral risks
leisure activity
consumption
employment
leisure activity risk
a result of actions due to personal choice: like dangerous sports or unprotected sex
consumption risk
intake of unhealthy food or other substances
employment participation/occupational risks
what it sounds like
