Cengage Final Tests Part 2 Flashcards
Which data arise solely from collecting many data points over time from one source?
Time Series
Area Resource File gathers what?
Demographics, health professions, health facilities, and health status
Which method of research funding establishes a joint responsibility for carrying out the research project and may give the funder the authority to pull funding if the researcher fails to proceed with the jointly agreed-upon research protocol
Contract
Abstract
Concise summary of Proposal
Title page
Provides endorsement of appropriate organizational officials
References
Includes literature cited in proposal
Table of contents
Lists all major parts and divisions of proposal
Research budget
Specifies how money will be spent
Project description
section on which decision to accept/reject usually based
In which section of a research proposal would you find information about the research design, relevant theory, conceptional framework and data sources, and instruments to generate data?
Methods/procedures (within project description)
Rachel was nearly finished putting together her research proposal when the team decided to add one more member, Thomas, an experienced researcher with a background in a related field. Upon joining the team, Thomas emailed Rachel a copy of his curriculum vitae and a list of his publications. Where should Rachel add this information in the research proposal?
Appendices
Andrew’s research team submitted a grant proposal to the NIH. He was just informed that the pink sheets are being prepared. What does this mean for Andrew’s team?
Their proposal is being considered for final approval.
In funded research, the __________ is responsible for both the scientific and financial aspects of the research.
principal investigator
Which statement about literature review is true?
a. Literature should not be reviewed until the research question has been formulated.
b. Literature review has a broad scope during the initial part of the research project.
c. Literature review can appear as an independent research product.
d. Literature review should not be used to criticize previous works.
C
Which type of review is used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the existing designs for a particular topic?
c. Methodological review
List the steps of the research review process
Identify Topic
Prepare coding sheet
Search for researching publications
Synthesize research findings
Report Previous research on selected topic
The information collected in the coding sheet should be determined based on:
the preliminary review and the strategy to be adopted.
In which category of information may investigators document specific features of the analytic models?
measurement
The most common online abstracting service, compiled by the National Library of Medicine for more than 100 years, is called __________.
MEDLARS
Which online health services research search engine would be the best choice to use if you wanted to locate evidence supporting the position that beginning routine mammograms at age 40 does not lead to improved health outcomes?
Cochrane
The primary purpose of meta-analysis is to:
integrate the findings of different independent studies.
The size or strength of the impact of one factor on another is defined as the __________.
effect size
A disadvantage of research review is that:
c. there are constraints on the materials available for review.
Assymetric relationship
A form of relationship between two variables where a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in the other, but not vice versa
Symmetrical relationship
Change in either variable is accompanied by change in other variable
Placebo
A false effect attributed to patient’s belief in treatment rather than treatment itself
Scientific Inquiry
Research scientists to produce knowledge and clarify understanding of certain parts of world
Assumptions
Suppositions that are considered to be true but have no been tested
Scientific method
uses observation and experimentation
Grounded Theory
Created based on observation rather than deduction from existing theories
HSR focuses on
healthcare access, cost, and outcomes (resources, orgnaization, financing)
Small area analysis
studies how differing practice styles affect health care utilization
outcomes research vs comparative effectiveness research
outcomes: what happens from different practices
comparative: which practices have the best effects for improving health
Operationalization
general concepts are converted into specific indicators or variables, procedures for identifying and concretely measuring variables are established
Conceptual framework
a preliminary model of the problem under study: reflects relationships among critical variables
Can theoretical research always be applied to social problems?
no
Germ theory
promoted focus on infections as cause of disease
lifestyle theory
people getting diseases as retribution for the way they lived ( outdated)
Burden of illness
economic effects of poor helath and refers to econ costs of health care and illness
Area Resource File
Pools data from many sources for demographics, health professions, health facilities, health status
Health care Cost and Use Project
Diagnoses and procedures, LOS, patient demographics, total charges, hospital characteristics (nationwide down to local)
Medical expenditure panel survey
Health status, insurance coverage, health care service utilization, sources of payment, characteristics of facilities and services (families, companies, individuals)
Literature review is a type of ____
Research Review
Confirmation Bias
It is the tendency to seek out and interpret information that is consistent with one’s existing beliefs, sometimes as a way of trying to validate their opinions, values, or beliefs.
Selective Perception
The tendency to unconsciously screen, select, or notice certain objects in an
environment based on existing attitudes, beliefs, or goals.
How to avoid confirmation bias?
share data/research design with other researchers
