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Health Services Research > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is knowledge?

A

justified true belief

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2
Q

Uniformity of Nature Principle

A

Laws of nature are forever constant and apply the same way to all matter across both time and space

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3
Q

Sciencetific knowledge is tentative because

A

based on existing observable evidence, which is subject to change

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4
Q

Scientific Inquiry depends on this concept

A

positivism

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5
Q

Positivism

A

Assumes persistent patterns or regularity in phenomenon being studied

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6
Q

Which field of science is positivism challenged in

A

social sciences, because they believe you can not generalize free will

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7
Q

Determinism

A

Events are bound by causality

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8
Q

Durkheim

A

said social phenomena can be studied like physical phenomena

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9
Q

Max Weber

A

Believes there is rationale behind human action

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10
Q

Many social scientists take an ____ approach to social phenomena

A

intermediate, believe it can be somewhat explained and predicted but always subject to change

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11
Q

Rationalism

A

Logic is the source of knowledge

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12
Q

Empiricism

A

Observation or experimentation lead to knowledge

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13
Q

Superior theories are

A
  1. efficient, 2. accurate 3. comprehensive (cover a lot)
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14
Q

Deductive process

A

Theory as guidance for research (data categories determined beforehand)

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15
Q

Inductive Process

A

research as guidance to theory (categories identified during data analysis)

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16
Q

Only way scientists can modify/construct scientific theories?

A

empirical evidence

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17
Q

Nonempircial evidence includes

A

common sense, tradition, intuition

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18
Q

Empiricism means problems/issues must be ____

A

observable

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19
Q

Empircism means problems/issues must be

A

observable

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20
Q

Scientific inquiry has to do with what ____, not what _________

A

what is, not what should be

21
Q

Objectivity can be achieved through…

A

Double Blind
Peer Review: other researchers agree on research finding

22
Q

Institutional Review Board

A

Reviews research plans w/ respect to ethical implications and make recommendations for compliance with appripriate standards

23
Q

Some ethical considerations

A

Voluntary compliance
Right to Service
Confidentiality
Informed consent: fully aware of risks

24
Q

Confirmation bias

A

tendency for people to favor info confirming/strengthening their beliefs

25
Q

6 steps of theory construction

A
  1. topic
  2. assumptions
  3. range of phenomena
  4. major concepts
  5. proposition/hypotheses
  6. theory
26
Q

proposition

A

statement about one or more concepts or variables, building blocks of theories

27
Q

hypothesis

A

testable proposition that predict relationship between two or more variables

28
Q

Intervening variable

A

can explain some part of relationship between X and Y (comes in between them)

29
Q

Antecedent variable (confounding)

A

creates spurious relationship between x and y, impacts both of them

30
Q

suppressor variable

A

conceals relationship between two variables

31
Q

three basic requisites to causul relationship

A

statistical association
sequence of influence/ cause - effect sequence
nonspuriousness: correlation between variables cannot be explained by extraneous variable

32
Q

Applied social science research like HSR comes from ______ needs, not ______ development. Aims to solve a _______

A

practical needs, not theory development. Aims to solve a real-life problem

33
Q

Correlation is a case of association, can be…

A

positive (direct) or negative (inverse)

34
Q

HSR Defintion

A

Examines how access, cost, and outcome of health care (organization, provision, quality, how to improve care)

35
Q

AHRQ

A

Agency for healthcare research and quality

36
Q

AHRQ mission

A

conduct research and provide evidence to make healthcare safer and higher quality

37
Q

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)

A

Information on inpatient stays, ambulatory surgery and services visits, and emergency department encounters. Enables study of health care delivery and patient outcomes over time, and at the national, regional, State, and community levels.

38
Q

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

A

Measuring how Americans use and pay for medical care, health insurance, and out-of-pocket spending. Annual surveys of individuals and families, as well as their health care providers, provide data on health status, the use of medical services, charges, insurance coverage, and satisfaction with care.

39
Q

Factors contributing to more HSR

A

more fed gov
rise of managed care
drive to quality and outcome

40
Q

4 major characteristics of HSR

A

scientific
interdisciplinary
pop. based
applied

41
Q
A
42
Q

HSR practitioners are mostly ______ scientists

A

social

43
Q

HSR tries/should to take on _____ perspective

A

multidisciplinary

44
Q

HSR focuses on ______ rather than individuals, differentiating them from other health-related research

A

populations

45
Q

clinical =
biomedical =
environmental =
epidemiological =

A

individual
sub-individual
environmental
population, but drawn from individual environmental

46
Q

Applied Practice: 2 attributes

A
  1. practical and problem solving
  2. priorities established by health services/societal concerns
47
Q

Ultimate goal of HSR

A

improve pop. health status

48
Q

Process of HSR

A

Conceptualization
Groundwork
Methods
Design
Sampling
Measurement
Data Collection
Data processing
Data Analysis
Application

Health Services Research (6 decks)

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