Chapter 2 Flashcards
Conceptualization
First step of HSR Process:
Specifies and refined abstract concepts into concrete terms
What researchers do during conceptualization stage
Use literature review to try to determine topic
Exploratory Research
Undertaken when relatively little is know about the topic, not trying to test hypotheses
Descriptive reserach
conducted to explain a phenomenon, usually on a well-defined subject, describe or define the phenomenon
Explanatory research
Seeks answers to research hypotheses or problems. aims to explain why phenomena work the way they do, mechanisms/causes
Academic sources for academic research ideas
journal
conferences
conversations
news
Literature Review
Done because researcher’s experiences are limited compared with cumulative scientific knowledge
Lit review Purposes
Narrow topic
Identify Related Theories
Identify relevant variables
Suggest designs
Nominal Definition
Definition of concept accepted by broader scientific community, working definition for project (what concept means)
Operational Definition
Specifies unique method of observation
Indicates specific variables ot be observe/how to be observed and interpreted (how to measure the concept)
Conceptual Frameworks
Preliminary model of problem: identifies relationships between critical variables
Hypotheses include _____ and ______ variables and are _______ because they cannot be confirmed with certainty
dependent, independent, probabilistic
4 types of hypotheses
conditional statements
continuous statements
difference statements
mathematical statements
conditional statements
If x, then y
continuous statements
the more x, the more y
