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BIS 2B > Final Study Guide Part: 1 > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Part: 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Homologous Traits

A

traits that stem from a common evolutionary ancestor

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2
Q

taxa

A

groups of organisms

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3
Q

Domain includes…

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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4
Q

Define biodiversity

A

variety of life in all its forms

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5
Q

Kingdom includes…

A

Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

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6
Q

Define autotrophs

A

can produce their own food

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7
Q

Define heterotrophs

A

feed on other organisms

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8
Q

Define evolution

A

genetic change over time

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9
Q

Define prokaryotes

A

single-celled organisms whose genetic material doesn’t have a nucleus

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10
Q

Define species richness

A

the total number of species present

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11
Q

Define species evenness

A

the relative abundance of each species

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12
Q

Define eukaryotes

A

organisms with genetic material containing a nucleus

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13
Q

Define transect

A

runs a line through a habitat and records # of organisms found on either side of the line

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14
Q

Define quadrats

A

the habitat is divided into rectangles; # of rectangles are randomly selected; # of species inside is recorded

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15
Q

Rainforest characteristics

A

High rainfall, high average temperature, no seasonality, rich in diversity

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16
Q

Savannas characteristics

A

dry regions, low rainfall, warm climate

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17
Q

Desert characteristics

A

driest, low rainfall, very hot, can be very cold

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18
Q

Temperate grassland characteristics

A

seasonal rainfall, dry winters, wet summers

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19
Q

Temperate deciduous forests

A

warm summers, cold winters, moderate to high rainfall

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20
Q

Boreal forests characteristics

A

warm summers, cold winters, moderate rainfall, similar to tundra

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21
Q

Tundra characteristics

A

little rainfall, cold winters, cold summers

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22
Q

Mediterranean characteristics

A

wet winters, dry summers, seasonal rainfall

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23
Q

Define the greenhouse effect

A

gases trap heat radiation from the sun and keeps the earth warm

24
Q

Define global warming

A

CO2 traps more heat and causes the temperature of earth to keep increasing

25
The principle of allocation
each organism has a limited amount of resources it can use for all life processes: food availability, predation, reproduction, growth
26
Define semelparous organisms
organisms that reproduce once and then die
27
Define iteroparous organisms
organisms that reproduce many times
28
Define r-selected traits
small body, short life, quick growth, early reproduction, many offspring, little to no parental care, type III survivorship curve, controlled by growth rate (r)
29
Define K-selected traits
large body, long life, slow growth, delayed reproduction, few large offspring, high parental care, type I survivorship curve, controlled by carrying capacity (K)
30
Type I survivorship curve
most individuals survive to old age
31
Type II survivorship curve
individuals face a constant risk of morality at all ages
32
Type III survivorship curve
most individuals die young
33
Define tradeoffs
when an organism gives up one things for another of more importance
34
Liebig's Law of the Minimum
Plant growth is determined by the amount of resource that is most scarce compared to how much the plant needs
35
What's a structure only found in plants?
Chloroplasts (site of photosynthesis)
36
Define acclimation
the process by which an organism adjusts to a change in its environment (short-term)
37
Define adaptation
the process by which organism develop traits (natural selection) that enhance their ability to survive and reproduce in their environment (long-term).
38
Define fundamental niche
the full range of environmental conditions and resources an organism can possibly occupy (survive and reproduce) and use without competition; abiotic (weather, disasters)
39
Define realized niche
the actual conditions and resources an organism occupies and uses due to competition and other biotic factors
40
Define density dependent factors
factors whose effects on population size or growth vary with population density; biotic factors (e.g. competition, predation)
41
Define density independent factors
factors whose effects on population size or growth vary with population density; abiotic factors (e.g. weather, natural disasters)
42
Exponential growth
a population's growth rate remains constant regardless of population size; J-shaped curve; idea, unlimited environment
43
Logistic growth
a population's growth slows and eventually stops at carrying capacity; S-shaped curve; real0world environments
44
Define ectotherms
body temp. controlled primarily by external conditions (outside factors)
45
Define Endotherms
body temp. controlled primarily by metabolic energy (inside body)
46
Define catastrophism
shaped by major, sudden events
47
Define gradualism
shaped by long, slow processes
48
Define mycorrhizae
fungi who connect their roots so the plants can access nutrients from anywhere on the fungi
49
Define rhizobia
bacteria that grow in/on roots and only provide nutrients to legumes
50
Define microevolution
changes in allele frequencies within a population over a short period, leading to small evolutionary changes
51
Define macroevolution
large evolutionary changes that occur over long periods, leading to the formation of new species
52
Define natural selection
increased survival and reproduction of some individuals based on differences in their traits
53
Define variation
individuals may vary in their traits (phenotypes)
54
Define heritability
the trait is at least partially genetic; individuals pass on the trait to their offspring
55
Define differential success
individuals with different traits differ in their survival or reproductive success (fitness)

BIS 2B (6 decks)

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