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Human Disease and Therapeutics > Final Study guide > Flashcards

Final Study guide Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three catecholamines and whats the order of making them?

A

Dopamine (which then makes..)
NE (which then makes…)
Epi

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2
Q

What is Ethosuximide good for?

A

Abscence Seizures

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3
Q

What’s the main way to treat Parkinsons?

A

Increase DA because of lack of it.

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4
Q

What’s the chemical problem with Huntingtons disease?and what does that do?
What are the type of drugs for huntingtons?

A 
Excess DA which causes the GABA to die (AMPA/NMDA glutamate systems)
Dopamine antagonists (antipsychotics)
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5
Q

What’s the chemical problem of Alzheimers?

What drug and type of drug help with Alzheimers?

A

Low ACh

Cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil help

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6
Q

What drug treats MS?

A

Prednisone (antiinflammatory)

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7
Q

What are the non selective Cox 1/2 inhibitors?

A

Aspirin (salicylates)

Ibuprofen (stomach mucin, clotting, kidney Cox 1/Heart Cox 2)

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8
Q

What is the Cox 2 inhibitor? side effect?

A

Celebrex (heart)

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9
Q

What is another name for acetominophen and what is it good for? Bad for?

A

Tyelenol
Antipyretic (fever)/Low powered analgesic
Side effect: Liver

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10
Q

What are 4 B2 agonists?

A

Epi
Isoproteronol
Albuterol
Terbutaline

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11
Q

What does Bethanecol do?
What does Pilocarpine do?
What does Cevimeline do?

A

Beth: Increase GI function
Pilo: glaucoma/Cures xerostomia
Cevi: cures xerostomia

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12
Q

What does Phenylephrine do?

A

Decongestant

Vasoconstrictor

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13
Q

What does Prazocin do?

A

A1 blocker

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14
Q

What does Succinylcholine do?

What does Tubocurare do?

A

Suc: depolarizes endplate, unresponsive to more ACh
Tub: competes with ACh (arrow poison)

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15
Q

What does Physostigmine do?
What does Donepezil do?
What does Sarin do?

A

Phy: Glaucoma/Antidote for Muscarinic antagonist
Don: Alzheimers
Sar: nerve gas/increases ACh to toxic levels

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16
Q

What does Atropine do?

What does Scopalamine do?

A

Atr: blocks muscarinic receptors
Sco: motion sickness drug

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17
Q

What does Mecamylamine do?

A

Antihypertension

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18
Q

What are the 2 A2 agonists?

A

Clonidine

Guanfacine

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19
Q

What are the agonist/Antagonist for B1? (2:1)

A

Ag: Epi/ Isoproteronol
Ant: -Olol’s

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20
Q

What are 3 cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Physostigmine
Donepezil
Sarin

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21
Q

What are A1 agonist/Antagonist? (2:1)

A

Ag: Epi/ Phenylephrine
Ant: Prazocin

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22
Q

What does isoproteronol do?

A

increases heart performance

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23
Q

What do -Olol’s do?

A

B blocker

decreases heart pressure

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24
Q

What does Albuterol and Terbutaline do?

A

Bronchodilator for asthma

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25
Q

What are 3 muscarinic receptor agonists?

What are 2 muscarinic Antagonists?

A

Ag: Bethanechol/ Pilocarpine/ Cevimeline
Ant: Atropine/ Scopalamine

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26
Q

What does clonidine and guanfacine do?

A

decreases blood pressure

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27
Q

What are the agonist/antagonist for Autonomic nicotine? (1:1)

A

Ag: ACh
Ant: Mecamylamine

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28
Q

What are the agonist/antagonist for skeletal muscle nicontinic? (1:2)

A

Ag: ACh
Ant: Succinylcholine/ Tubocurare

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29
Q

What type of drug is indomethacin? Why’s it bad? What’s it used for?

A

NSAID
Major side effects
Arthritis

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30
Q

What type of drug is diflunisal and what is it good for?

A

Related to Salicylates

Good for bone pain

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31
Q

What are the 7 pain reliever narcotics in order of potency?

A 
Fentanyl(0.1mg)
Oxymorphone (1mg)
Hydromorphone (1.5 mg)
Morphine (10 mg)
Oxycodone (20mg)
Hydrocodone (30 mg)
Codeine (200mg)
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32
Q

What’s the chelator for lead toxicity?

How does it work?

A

EDTA (edatate calcium disodium)

Removes Pb from bone

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33
Q

What are the two drugs to use for Mercury toxicity?
why is the first drug contraindicated in Chronic mercury toxicity?
Which drug is used more often and how is it different that the other one?

A

Dimercaprol/Succimer.
Dimercaprol used chronically is nephrotoxic in and of itself.
Succimer is used more often because it’s the water soluble form of Dimercaprol.

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34
Q

What is done for acute arsenic intoxication?
What is done for chronic arsenic intoxication?
What is done for acute arsine gas intoxication?

A

Acute arsenic: Unithiol/Demercaprol
Chronic Arsenic: Folate supplements for methylation help
Arsine Gas: hydration/blood transfusions/hemodialysis

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35
Q

How do chelator drugs work?

A

They work on not allowing heavy metals be available for covalent interactions

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36
Q

What’s the antidote for Cyanide?

Is Cyanide a heavy metal?

A

Hydroxycobalamin.

Not a heavy metal.

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37
Q

What are three drugs used as decongestants (MOA too?)

What’s the decongestant drug for people with high blood pressure problems?

A

Oxymetazoline (A1 agonist, vasoconstrict)
Phenylephrine (A1 agonist, vasoconstrict)
Pseudoephedrine (Sympathomimetic)
HBP: coricidin.

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38
Q

What are 3 drugs used for Rhinorrhea/antihistamines/allergies? Side effects for each?

A

Diphenhydramine (drowsy,)
Chlorpheniramine (drowsy)
Loratadine (less drowsy)

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39
Q

What are three drugs to use for cough relief?

A

Codeine
Dyphenhydramine
Dextromethorphan

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40
Q

What do expectorant drugs do? And what’s one example?

A

They hydrate secretions to make coughing easier (more “productive”).
Guaifenesin.

41
Q

What does zinc help with?

A

It’s thought to help with cough, but it doesn’t much.

42
Q

What are demulcents for? What are types of them?

A

Coating the throat for irritation like cough drops.

43
Q

What are 3 good antivirals to use (what are they used for?)

How soon should they be used?

A

Oseltamavir (Flu) 24 hours
Zanamivir (Flu)
Docosanol (Cold sores)

44
Q

What is Phenol used for? When is it contraindicated?

A

Oral analgesic.

Contraindicated if allergic to local anesthetic.

45
Q

What are three types of Xanthine Stimulants?

A

Caffeine (Vivarin)
Theobromine (Chocolate)
Theophylline (asthma)

46
Q

What does nicotine do?

A

Stimulant.

47
Q

What drug treats Parkinsons and what does the drug do?

A

Entacapone

COMT inhibitor

48
Q

What two drugs treat Schizo? and what does the drug do?

A

Chlorpromazine (Phenothiazine, d2 agonist)

Clozapine (Atypical D2 and 5HT antagonist)

49
Q

What drug treats Bulimia? and what type of drug is it?

A

Fluoxetine (SSRI drug)

50
Q

What drug treats Multiple Sclerosis? And What type of drug is it?

A

Prednisone. Antiinflammatory steroid.

51
Q

What 2 drug treats Bipolar mania? And what type of drug is it?

A 
Carbamazepine (antiseizure)
Lithium carbonate (alters G proteins)
52
Q

What 2 drugs treat severe anxiety? what kind of drugs are they?

A

Alprazolam (Agonist at Benzodiazepine receptor)

Bupropion (non addicting substitute for sedatives)

53
Q

What’s a drug for ADHD? What type of drug is it?

A

Modafinil. DAT or NET blocker.

54
Q

What’s a drug for Alzheimers? And what type of drug is it?

A

Donepezil. Cholinesterase inhibitor.

55
Q

What does the thrombi drug Protamine do?

A

used to treat heparin overdose

56
Q

What does the thrombi drug Streptokinase do?

A

Dissolves an established clot

57
Q

What does the thrombi drug Warfarin do?

A

Antagonized by Vitamin K

58
Q

What does the thrombi drug Clopidagrel do?

A

platelet aggregate inhibitor

59
Q

What does the thrombi drug Enoxaparin do?

A

actions similar to heparin

60
Q

What does the diabetic drug lispro do?

A

Rapid onset and early peak action insulin

61
Q

What does the diabetic drug Metformin do?

A

biguanide that decreases glucose production in the liver

62
Q

What does the diabetic drug Acarbose do?

A

slows digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides from intestines

63
Q

What does the diabetic drug Tolbutamide do?

A

1st generation sulfonylurea that increases the release of insulin from B cells

64
Q

What does the diabetic drug Orlistat do?

A

diminishes fat absorption in instestines

65
Q

What does the diabetic drug Rosiglitazone do?

A

reduces insulin resistance in muscle cells

66
Q

What does a.c. ante cebum mean?

A

before meals

67
Q

What does ad lib mean?

A

use freely

68
Q

What does aq (aque) mean?

A

Water

69
Q

What does bis mean?

A

twice

70
Q

What does bid mean?

A

twice daily

71
Q

What does c.f. mean?

A

with food

72
Q

What does dc mean?

A

discontinue

73
Q

What does h mean

A

Hour

74
Q

What does noct mean?

A

at night

75
Q

what does p.c. (post cebum) mean?

A

After meals

76
Q

what does prn (pro re nata) mean?

A

as needed

77
Q

What does p.o. mean?

A

by mouth

78
Q

What does qh mean?

A

every hour

79
Q

What does qd mean?

A

every day

80
Q

What does qid mean?

A

4x a day

81
Q

What does S (sina) mean?

A

without

82
Q

What does sig mean?

A

write on the label

83
Q

What does stat mean?

A

immediately

84
Q

What does tid mean?

A

three times daily

85
Q

What does w mean?

A

With

86
Q

What does w/o mean?

A

without

87
Q

What two drugs are used as antihistamines and sleep aids?

A

Diphenhydramine.

Doxylamine

88
Q

What is Miconazole used for ?

A

Thrush, antifungal

89
Q

What is Neosporin/Polysporin used for?

A

antibiotic

90
Q

What is hydrocortisone used for?

A

Anti-inflammatory/Anti-itching

91
Q

What is dimenhydrinate and scopalamine used for?

A

anti-cholinergic/Anti-motion sickness

92
Q

What is minoxidil used for?

A

Hair growth/vasodilator

93
Q

What’s a drug for hemorrhoids?

A

Phenylephrine

94
Q

What is st johns wort for?

A

depression herb

95
Q

What is echinacea for?

A

herb for colds

96
Q

What is aloe vera for?

A

herb for wound healing/constipation

97
Q

What is garlic for?

A

herb for lowering cholesterol

98
Q

What is ginko for?

A

herb for memory

99
Q

What is ginseng for?

A

herb for blood sugar and immune system

Human Disease and Therapeutics (5 decks)

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