Final Study guide Flashcards
What are the three catecholamines and whats the order of making them?
Dopamine (which then makes..)
NE (which then makes…)
Epi
What is Ethosuximide good for?
Abscence Seizures
What’s the main way to treat Parkinsons?
Increase DA because of lack of it.
What’s the chemical problem with Huntingtons disease?and what does that do?
What are the type of drugs for huntingtons?
Excess DA which causes the GABA to die (AMPA/NMDA glutamate systems) Dopamine antagonists (antipsychotics)
What’s the chemical problem of Alzheimers?
What drug and type of drug help with Alzheimers?
Low ACh
Cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil help
What drug treats MS?
Prednisone (antiinflammatory)
What are the non selective Cox 1/2 inhibitors?
Aspirin (salicylates)
Ibuprofen (stomach mucin, clotting, kidney Cox 1/Heart Cox 2)
What is the Cox 2 inhibitor? side effect?
Celebrex (heart)
What is another name for acetominophen and what is it good for? Bad for?
Tyelenol
Antipyretic (fever)/Low powered analgesic
Side effect: Liver
What are 4 B2 agonists?
Epi
Isoproteronol
Albuterol
Terbutaline
What does Bethanecol do?
What does Pilocarpine do?
What does Cevimeline do?
Beth: Increase GI function
Pilo: glaucoma/Cures xerostomia
Cevi: cures xerostomia
What does Phenylephrine do?
Decongestant
Vasoconstrictor
What does Prazocin do?
A1 blocker
What does Succinylcholine do?
What does Tubocurare do?
Suc: depolarizes endplate, unresponsive to more ACh
Tub: competes with ACh (arrow poison)
What does Physostigmine do?
What does Donepezil do?
What does Sarin do?
Phy: Glaucoma/Antidote for Muscarinic antagonist
Don: Alzheimers
Sar: nerve gas/increases ACh to toxic levels
What does Atropine do?
What does Scopalamine do?
Atr: blocks muscarinic receptors
Sco: motion sickness drug
What does Mecamylamine do?
Antihypertension
What are the 2 A2 agonists?
Clonidine
Guanfacine
What are the agonist/Antagonist for B1? (2:1)
Ag: Epi/ Isoproteronol
Ant: -Olol’s
What are 3 cholinesterase inhibitors?
Physostigmine
Donepezil
Sarin
What are A1 agonist/Antagonist? (2:1)
Ag: Epi/ Phenylephrine
Ant: Prazocin
What does isoproteronol do?
increases heart performance
What do -Olol’s do?
B blocker
decreases heart pressure
What does Albuterol and Terbutaline do?
Bronchodilator for asthma
What are 3 muscarinic receptor agonists?
What are 2 muscarinic Antagonists?
Ag: Bethanechol/ Pilocarpine/ Cevimeline
Ant: Atropine/ Scopalamine
What does clonidine and guanfacine do?
decreases blood pressure
What are the agonist/antagonist for Autonomic nicotine? (1:1)
Ag: ACh
Ant: Mecamylamine
What are the agonist/antagonist for skeletal muscle nicontinic? (1:2)
Ag: ACh
Ant: Succinylcholine/ Tubocurare
What type of drug is indomethacin? Why’s it bad? What’s it used for?
NSAID
Major side effects
Arthritis
What type of drug is diflunisal and what is it good for?
Related to Salicylates
Good for bone pain
What are the 7 pain reliever narcotics in order of potency?
Fentanyl(0.1mg) Oxymorphone (1mg) Hydromorphone (1.5 mg) Morphine (10 mg) Oxycodone (20mg) Hydrocodone (30 mg) Codeine (200mg)
What’s the chelator for lead toxicity?
How does it work?
EDTA (edatate calcium disodium)
Removes Pb from bone
What are the two drugs to use for Mercury toxicity?
why is the first drug contraindicated in Chronic mercury toxicity?
Which drug is used more often and how is it different that the other one?
Dimercaprol/Succimer.
Dimercaprol used chronically is nephrotoxic in and of itself.
Succimer is used more often because it’s the water soluble form of Dimercaprol.
What is done for acute arsenic intoxication?
What is done for chronic arsenic intoxication?
What is done for acute arsine gas intoxication?
Acute arsenic: Unithiol/Demercaprol
Chronic Arsenic: Folate supplements for methylation help
Arsine Gas: hydration/blood transfusions/hemodialysis
How do chelator drugs work?
They work on not allowing heavy metals be available for covalent interactions
What’s the antidote for Cyanide?
Is Cyanide a heavy metal?
Hydroxycobalamin.
Not a heavy metal.
What are three drugs used as decongestants (MOA too?)
What’s the decongestant drug for people with high blood pressure problems?
Oxymetazoline (A1 agonist, vasoconstrict)
Phenylephrine (A1 agonist, vasoconstrict)
Pseudoephedrine (Sympathomimetic)
HBP: coricidin.
What are 3 drugs used for Rhinorrhea/antihistamines/allergies? Side effects for each?
Diphenhydramine (drowsy,)
Chlorpheniramine (drowsy)
Loratadine (less drowsy)
What are three drugs to use for cough relief?
Codeine
Dyphenhydramine
Dextromethorphan
What do expectorant drugs do? And what’s one example?
They hydrate secretions to make coughing easier (more “productive”).
Guaifenesin.
What does zinc help with?
It’s thought to help with cough, but it doesn’t much.
What are demulcents for? What are types of them?
Coating the throat for irritation like cough drops.
What are 3 good antivirals to use (what are they used for?)
How soon should they be used?
Oseltamavir (Flu) 24 hours
Zanamivir (Flu)
Docosanol (Cold sores)
What is Phenol used for? When is it contraindicated?
Oral analgesic.
Contraindicated if allergic to local anesthetic.
What are three types of Xanthine Stimulants?
Caffeine (Vivarin)
Theobromine (Chocolate)
Theophylline (asthma)
What does nicotine do?
Stimulant.
What drug treats Parkinsons and what does the drug do?
Entacapone
COMT inhibitor
What two drugs treat Schizo? and what does the drug do?
Chlorpromazine (Phenothiazine, d2 agonist)
Clozapine (Atypical D2 and 5HT antagonist)
What drug treats Bulimia? and what type of drug is it?
Fluoxetine (SSRI drug)
What drug treats Multiple Sclerosis? And What type of drug is it?
Prednisone. Antiinflammatory steroid.
What 2 drug treats Bipolar mania? And what type of drug is it?
Carbamazepine (antiseizure) Lithium carbonate (alters G proteins)
What 2 drugs treat severe anxiety? what kind of drugs are they?
Alprazolam (Agonist at Benzodiazepine receptor)
Bupropion (non addicting substitute for sedatives)
What’s a drug for ADHD? What type of drug is it?
Modafinil. DAT or NET blocker.
What’s a drug for Alzheimers? And what type of drug is it?
Donepezil. Cholinesterase inhibitor.
What does the thrombi drug Protamine do?
used to treat heparin overdose
What does the thrombi drug Streptokinase do?
Dissolves an established clot
What does the thrombi drug Warfarin do?
Antagonized by Vitamin K
What does the thrombi drug Clopidagrel do?
platelet aggregate inhibitor
What does the thrombi drug Enoxaparin do?
actions similar to heparin
What does the diabetic drug lispro do?
Rapid onset and early peak action insulin
What does the diabetic drug Metformin do?
biguanide that decreases glucose production in the liver
What does the diabetic drug Acarbose do?
slows digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides from intestines
What does the diabetic drug Tolbutamide do?
1st generation sulfonylurea that increases the release of insulin from B cells
What does the diabetic drug Orlistat do?
diminishes fat absorption in instestines
What does the diabetic drug Rosiglitazone do?
reduces insulin resistance in muscle cells
What does a.c. ante cebum mean?
before meals
What does ad lib mean?
use freely
What does aq (aque) mean?
Water
What does bis mean?
twice
What does bid mean?
twice daily
What does c.f. mean?
with food
What does dc mean?
discontinue
What does h mean
Hour
What does noct mean?
at night
what does p.c. (post cebum) mean?
After meals
what does prn (pro re nata) mean?
as needed
What does p.o. mean?
by mouth
What does qh mean?
every hour
What does qd mean?
every day
What does qid mean?
4x a day
What does S (sina) mean?
without
What does sig mean?
write on the label
What does stat mean?
immediately
What does tid mean?
three times daily
What does w mean?
With
What does w/o mean?
without
What two drugs are used as antihistamines and sleep aids?
Diphenhydramine.
Doxylamine
What is Miconazole used for ?
Thrush, antifungal
What is Neosporin/Polysporin used for?
antibiotic
What is hydrocortisone used for?
Anti-inflammatory/Anti-itching
What is dimenhydrinate and scopalamine used for?
anti-cholinergic/Anti-motion sickness
What is minoxidil used for?
Hair growth/vasodilator
What’s a drug for hemorrhoids?
Phenylephrine
What is st johns wort for?
depression herb
What is echinacea for?
herb for colds
What is aloe vera for?
herb for wound healing/constipation
What is garlic for?
herb for lowering cholesterol
What is ginko for?
herb for memory
What is ginseng for?
herb for blood sugar and immune system
