2nd midterm Flashcards
What pathway is PTT for? Normal length for PTT?
Which factors are used?
Which drug is commonly used for this pathway?
Intrinsic pathway.
PTT: 25-35 seconds.
11a-10a.
Heparin.
What pathway is PT and INR used for? Normal length for PT? Normal INR? Which factors are involved? Which drug is commonly used for this pathway?
Extrinsic pathway. 11-13.5 seconds for PT .8-1.1 INR. 7a-10a Warfarin Coumadin
What are the LOPT drugs for appetite suppression?
What type of drugs are they?
Lorcaserin (5HT2C agonist- hypothalamus hunger)
Orlistat (lipase inhibitor)
Phentermine (inhibits NE and DA uptake)
Topiramate (phentermine mix anticonvulsant)
All are Amphetamines.
What are the 5 types of insulin drugs from fastest to slowest working?
Rapid acting Lispro Short acting Novolin NPH (less popular) Insulin Glargine Insulin Determir
How quick and long does Lispro work? diabetes
Rapid onset, duration 4 hours
How quick, peak, and duration does Novolin work? diabetes.
What’s it made of?
30 minutes quick
Peak 2 hours
Duration 5-8 hours.
Crystalline Zinc
How does NPH work with quickness and onset? diabetes
Delayed release because of peptide linkage.
What is important about Insulin Glargine and Insulin Determir?
Long lasting background insulin.
How does a sulfonylurea work?
Blocks K channel allowing more Insulin to be released
What are the two generations of Sulfonylureas and what are side effects? diabetes
1st gen: Tolbutamide (drug drug interactions)
2nd gen: Glipizide/Glitinides (no drug drug interactions)
What 2 types of Biguanides are there and what do they do? What side effect doesn’t it have that sulfonylureas have? Another side effect?
Metformin-Glucophage.
Decreases glucose production in liver.
No hypoglycemia.
GI irritation.
What is the drug called that slows digestion and absorption of starches? for diabetes
Acarbose
What does Thiazolidediones-Rosiglitazone do?
2 Side effect?
Reduces insulin resistance.
Bone loss. Weight gain.
What is Glucagon used for?
Hypoglycemia.
What are phentermine side effects?
Weight loss, dry mouth, hypertension, palpitation.
Interactions with sympathomimetics (including LA)
What is graves disease?
Hyperthyroid disease in women.
What is cretinism an example of?
hypothyroidism in kids
What is hashimotos disease an example of?
What chemical level is high?
Hypothyroidism in females.
High TSH
How is a goiter vs neoplasm of thyroid diagnosed?
Goiter: Lots of colloid, few cells
Neoplasm: Little colloid, lots of cells.
What 2 things would you use for hyperthyroidism?
B-blockers (block sympathetic)
Radioactive iodine to destroy the gland.
What would be given for hypothyroidism?
T4 supplements.
What generally can cause hypoparathyroidism?
accidental removal
What are two things the post. pituitary secretes?
ADH for water resorption
Oxytocin for nursing.
What does the medulla vs cortex make in the adrenal glands?
Medulla: epi/NE
Cortex: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, Sex hormones
What are 3 signs of adrenal insufficiency?
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Skin pigmentation
What is addisons disease?
Who’s it most common in?
symptom?
Drug to treat it?
Adrenal insufficiency disease.
White women
Hyperpigmentation.
Cortisone steroid drugs.
What is Cushings disease?
What’s low and high?
Symptoms?
Hypercortisol disease.
ACTH low cortisol high (adrenals acting on their own)
Moon face, buffalo hump.
Ketoconazole (inhibits steroids)
What is a pheochromocytoma?
Tumor of adrenal medulla increases catecholamines (epi/NE)
Who get’s adrenal neuroblastomas most often?
children
What does hydrocortisone drug do?
Side effect
steroid drug for inflammatory relief.
Moon face, buffalo hump.
What are the 2 short acting steroid drugs and the 1 long acting?
Short: hydrocortisone, Prednisone.
Long: dexamethasone.
What does Vit D do?
stimulates absorption of Ca in gut
What does Teriparatide do?
Activates Osteoblasts for treating osteoporosis
What does Denosumab do?
Treats Bone resorption.
What are 2 bisphosphonate drugs?
What do they do?
Alendronate/Ibandronate
Inhibit osteoclasts.
