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Human Disease and Therapeutics > 2nd midterm > Flashcards

2nd midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What pathway is PTT for? Normal length for PTT?
Which factors are used?
Which drug is commonly used for this pathway?

A

Intrinsic pathway.
PTT: 25-35 seconds.
11a-10a.
Heparin.

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2
Q 
What pathway is PT and INR used for?
Normal length for PT?
Normal INR?
Which factors are involved?
Which drug is commonly used for this pathway?
A 
Extrinsic pathway.
11-13.5 seconds for PT
.8-1.1 INR.
7a-10a
Warfarin Coumadin
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3
Q

What are the LOPT drugs for appetite suppression?

What type of drugs are they?

A

Lorcaserin (5HT2C agonist- hypothalamus hunger)
Orlistat (lipase inhibitor)
Phentermine (inhibits NE and DA uptake)
Topiramate (phentermine mix anticonvulsant)

All are Amphetamines.

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4
Q

What are the 5 types of insulin drugs from fastest to slowest working?

A 
Rapid acting Lispro
Short acting Novolin
NPH (less popular)
Insulin Glargine
Insulin Determir
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5
Q

How quick and long does Lispro work? diabetes

A

Rapid onset, duration 4 hours

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6
Q

How quick, peak, and duration does Novolin work? diabetes.

What’s it made of?

A

30 minutes quick
Peak 2 hours
Duration 5-8 hours.
Crystalline Zinc

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7
Q

How does NPH work with quickness and onset? diabetes

A

Delayed release because of peptide linkage.

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8
Q

What is important about Insulin Glargine and Insulin Determir?

A

Long lasting background insulin.

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9
Q

How does a sulfonylurea work?

A

Blocks K channel allowing more Insulin to be released

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10
Q

What are the two generations of Sulfonylureas and what are side effects? diabetes

A

1st gen: Tolbutamide (drug drug interactions)

2nd gen: Glipizide/Glitinides (no drug drug interactions)

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11
Q

What 2 types of Biguanides are there and what do they do? What side effect doesn’t it have that sulfonylureas have? Another side effect?

A

Metformin-Glucophage.
Decreases glucose production in liver.
No hypoglycemia.
GI irritation.

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12
Q

What is the drug called that slows digestion and absorption of starches? for diabetes

A

Acarbose

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13
Q

What does Thiazolidediones-Rosiglitazone do?

2 Side effect?

A

Reduces insulin resistance.

Bone loss. Weight gain.

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14
Q

What is Glucagon used for?

A

Hypoglycemia.

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15
Q

What are phentermine side effects?

A

Weight loss, dry mouth, hypertension, palpitation.

Interactions with sympathomimetics (including LA)

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16
Q

What is graves disease?

A

Hyperthyroid disease in women.

17
Q

What is cretinism an example of?

A

hypothyroidism in kids

18
Q

What is hashimotos disease an example of?

What chemical level is high?

A

Hypothyroidism in females.

High TSH

19
Q

How is a goiter vs neoplasm of thyroid diagnosed?

A

Goiter: Lots of colloid, few cells
Neoplasm: Little colloid, lots of cells.

20
Q

What 2 things would you use for hyperthyroidism?

A

B-blockers (block sympathetic)

Radioactive iodine to destroy the gland.

21
Q

What would be given for hypothyroidism?

A

T4 supplements.

22
Q

What generally can cause hypoparathyroidism?

A

accidental removal

23
Q

What are two things the post. pituitary secretes?

A

ADH for water resorption

Oxytocin for nursing.

24
Q

What does the medulla vs cortex make in the adrenal glands?

A

Medulla: epi/NE
Cortex: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, Sex hormones

25
Q

What are 3 signs of adrenal insufficiency?

A

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Skin pigmentation

26
Q

What is addisons disease?
Who’s it most common in?
symptom?
Drug to treat it?

A

Adrenal insufficiency disease.
White women
Hyperpigmentation.
Cortisone steroid drugs.

27
Q

What is Cushings disease?
What’s low and high?
Symptoms?

A

Hypercortisol disease.
ACTH low cortisol high (adrenals acting on their own)
Moon face, buffalo hump.
Ketoconazole (inhibits steroids)

28
Q

What is a pheochromocytoma?

A

Tumor of adrenal medulla increases catecholamines (epi/NE)

29
Q

Who get’s adrenal neuroblastomas most often?

A

children

30
Q

What does hydrocortisone drug do?

Side effect

A

steroid drug for inflammatory relief.

Moon face, buffalo hump.

31
Q

What are the 2 short acting steroid drugs and the 1 long acting?

A

Short: hydrocortisone, Prednisone.
Long: dexamethasone.

32
Q

What does Vit D do?

A

stimulates absorption of Ca in gut

33
Q

What does Teriparatide do?

A

Activates Osteoblasts for treating osteoporosis

34
Q

What does Denosumab do?

A

Treats Bone resorption.

35
Q

What are 2 bisphosphonate drugs?

What do they do?

A

Alendronate/Ibandronate

Inhibit osteoclasts.

Human Disease and Therapeutics (5 decks)

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