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MED-121 > Final Study > Flashcards

Final Study Flashcards

1
Q

cardi/o

A

heart
Ex: cardiology, pericardium

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1
Q

arthr/o

A

joint
Ex: arthroscope, arthritis

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2
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine
Ex: enteropathy, dysentery

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3
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach
Ex: gastrointestinal, gastritis

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4
Q

hepat/o

A

liver
Ex: hepatology, hepatitis

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5
Q

neur/o

A

nerve
Ex: neurology, neuralgia

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6
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood
Ex: hemorrhage, hematoma

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7
Q

my/o, muscul/o

A

muscle
Ex: myocardial, myalgia, musculoskeletal, muscular

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8
Q

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel (blood vessel)
Ex: angioplasty, angiectomy, vasospasm, vasectomy, vasculopathy, vasculitis

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9
Q

derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o

A

skin
Ex: dermoscopy, dermis, dermatology, dermatitis, subcutaneous,

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10
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o

A

lung
Ex: pneumotomy, pneumonia, pneumonitis, pulmonologist, cardiopulmonary

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11
Q

gen/o

A

creation, cause
Ex: pathogenic

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12
Q

hydro/o

A

water
Ex: hydrophobia, dehydration

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13
Q

morph/o

A

change
Ex: morphology

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14
Q

myc/o

A

fungus
Ex: dermatomycosis

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15
Q

necr/o

A

death
Ex: necrosis

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16
Q

orth/o

A

straight
Ex: orthodontist

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17
Q

path/o

A

suffering, disease
Ex: pathology

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18
Q

phag/o

A

eat
Ex: aphagia

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19
Q

plas/o

A

formation
Ex: hyperplasia

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20
Q

py/o

A

pus
Ex: pyorrhea, pyemia

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21
Q

scler/o

A

hard
Ex: scleroderma

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22
Q

sten/o

A

narrowing
Ex: stenosis

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23
Q

troph/o

A

nourishment, development
Ex: trophology, hypertrophy

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24
Q

xen/o

A

foreign
Ex: xenograft

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25
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to
Ex: cardiac

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26
Q

-al

A

pertaining to
Ex: skeletal

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27
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to
Ex: muscular

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28
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to
Ex: pulmonary

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29
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to
Ex: esophageal

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30
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to
Ex: medic

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31
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to
Ex: neurotic

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32
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to
Ex: subcutaneous

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33
Q

-ia

A

condition
Ex: pneumonia

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34
Q

-ism

A

condition
ExL autism

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35
Q

-ium

A

tissue, structure
Ex: pericardium

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36
Q

-y

A

condition, procedure
Ex: hypertrophy

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37
Q

-icle

A

small (make smaller)
Ex: ventricle

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38
Q

-ole

A

small (make smaller)
Ex: arteriole

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39
Q

-ule

A

small (make smaller)
Ex: pustule

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40
Q

-ula

A

small (make smaller)
Ex: uvula

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41
Q

-algia, -dynia

A

pain
Ex: myalgia, gastrogynia

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42
Q

-cele

A

hernia (a bulging of tissue into an area where it doesn’t belong)
Ex: hydrocele

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43
Q

-emia

A

blood condition
Ex: leukemia

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44
Q

-iasis

A

presence of
Ex: lithiasis

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45
Q

-itis

A

inflammation
Ex: arthritis

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46
Q

-lysis

A

loosen, break down
Ex: hemolysis

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47
Q

malacia

A

abnormal softening
Ex: osteomalacia

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48
Q

megaly

A

enlargement
Ex: hepatomegaly

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49
Q

-oid

A

resembling
Ex: keloid

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50
Q

-oma

A

tumor
Ex: melanoma

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51
Q

-osis

A

condition
Ex: thrombosis

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52
Q

-pathy

A

disease
Ex: myopathy

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53
Q

-penia

A

deficiency
Ex: leukopenia

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54
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping
Ex: nephroptosis

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55
Q

-rrhage, -rrhagia

A

excessive flow
ExL hemorrhage, menorrhagia

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56
Q

-rrhea

A

flow
Ex: diarrhea

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57
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture
Ex: metrorrhexis

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58
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction
Ex: myospasm

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59
Q

-centesis

A

puncture
Ex: amniocentesis

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60
Q

-gram

A

written record
Ex: cardiogram

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61
Q

-graph

A

instrument used to produce a record
Ex: cardiograph

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62
Q

-graphy

A

writing procedure
Ex: cardiography

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63
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure
Ex: cephalometer

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64
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring
Ex: cephalometry

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65
Q

-scope

A

instrument used to look
Ex: arthroscope

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66
Q

-scopy

A

process of looking
Ex: arthroscopy

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66
Q

-ectomy

A

removal
Ex: vasectomy

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66
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation
Ex: retinopexy

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66
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation
Ex: arthrodesis

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67
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture
Ex: herniorrhaphy

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67
Q

-plasty

A

reconstruction
Ex: rhinoplasty

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68
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an opening
Ex: colostomy

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69
Q

-tomy

A

incision
Ex: dermotomy

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70
Q

a-, an-

A

not
Ex: aphasia, anemia

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71
Q

anti-, contra-

A

against
Ex: antibiotics, contraceptives

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72
Q

de-

A

down, away from
Ex: dehydration

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73
Q

ante-, pre-

A

before
Ex: antepartum, precondition

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74
Q

pro-

A

before, on behalf of
Ex: probiotic

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75
Q

brady-

A

slow
Ex: bradycardia

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76
Q

tachy-

A

fast
Ex: tachycardia

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77
Q

post-

A

after
Ex: postpartum

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78
Q

re-

A

again
Ex: rehabilitation

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79
Q

ab-

A

away
Ex: abduct

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80
Q

ad-

A

toward
Ex: adrenaline

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81
Q

circum-, peri-

A

around
Ex: circumcision, pericardium

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82
Q

dia-, trans-

A

through
Ex: diagnostic, translate

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83
Q

e-, ec-, ek-, ex-

A

out
Ex: evoke, ectopic, exhale

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84
Q

ecto-, exo-, extra-

A

outside
Ex: ectoderm, exoskeleton

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85
Q

en-, endo-, intra-

A

in, inside
Ex: enema, endocrine, intravenous

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86
Q

epi

A

upon
Ex: epididymus

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87
Q

sub-

A

beneath
Ex: subcutaneous

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88
Q

inter-

A

between
Ex: intercostal

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89
Q

acute

A

it just started recently or is a sharp, severe symptom

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90
Q

chronic

A

it has been going on for a while now

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91
Q

exacerbation

A

it is getting worse

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92
Q

abrupt

A

all of a sudden

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93
Q

febrile

A

to have a fever

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94
Q

afebrile

A

to not have a fever

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95
Q

malaise

A

not feeling well

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96
Q

progressive

A

more and more each day

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97
Q

symptom

A

something a patient feels

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98
Q

noncontributory

A

not related to this specific problem

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99
Q

lethargic

A

a decrease in level of consciousness, an indication that the patient is really sick

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100
Q

genetic/heridary

A

it runs in the family

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101
Q

alert

A

able to answer questions, responsive, interactive

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102
Q

oriented

A

being aware of who they are, where they are, and the current time
a patient who is aware of all 3 is “oriented x3”

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103
Q

marked

A

it really stands out

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104
Q

unremarkable

A

another way of saying normal

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105
Q

auscultation

A

to listen

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106
Q

percussion

A

to hit something and listen to the resulting sound or feel for the resulting vibration

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107
Q

palpation

A

to feel

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108
Q

impression

A

another way of saying assessment

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109
Q

diagnosis

A

what the health care professional thinks the patient has

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110
Q

differential diagnosis

A

a list of conditions the patient may have based on the symptoms exhibited and the results of the exam

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111
Q

degeneration

A

to be getting worse

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112
Q

remission

A

to get better or improve, most often used when discussion case (does not mean cure)

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113
Q

idiopathic

A

(no known specific cause, it just happens)

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114
Q

localized

A

stays in a certain part of the body

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115
Q

systemic/generalized

A

all over the body (or most of it)

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116
Q

prognosis

A

the chances for things getting better or worse

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117
Q

occult

A

hidden

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118
Q

lesion

A

diseased tissue

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119
Q

recurrent

A

to have again

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120
Q

sequela

A

a problem resulting from a disease or injury

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121
Q

pending

A

waiting for

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122
Q

pathogen

A

the organism that causes the problem

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123
Q

morbidity

A

the risk for being sick

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124
Q

mortality

A

the risk for dying

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125
Q

etiology

A

the cause

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126
Q

disposition

A

what happened to the patient at the end of the visit

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127
Q

discharge

A

to unload
1. to send home (to unload the patient from the health care setting)
2. fluid coming out of a part of the body (body unloading fluid)

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128
Q

palliative

A

treating the symptoms, but not actually getting right of the cause

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129
Q

supportive care

A

to treat the symptoms and make the patient feel better

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130
Q

sterile

A

extremely clean, germ-free conditions, especially important during medical procedures and surgery

131
Q

prophylaxis

A

preventive treatment

132
Q

proximal

A

closer in to the center

133
Q

distal

A

farther away from the center

134
Q

lateral

A

out to the side

135
Q

medial

A

toward the middle

136
Q

ventral/antral/anterior

A

the front
ventral = stomach

137
Q

dorsal/posterior

A

the back

138
Q

cranial

A

toward the top

139
Q

caudal

A

toward the bottom

140
Q

superior

A

above

141
Q

inferior

A

below

142
Q

prone

A

lying down on belly

143
Q

supine

A

lying down on back (on spine!)

144
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side

145
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

146
Q

dorsum

A

top of the hand or foot

147
Q

plantar

A

the sole of the foot

148
Q

palmar

A

the palm of the hand

149
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body along a hypothetical plane from right to left (wearing a satchel splits it in half)

150
Q

coronal plane

A

divides the body along a hypothetical plane from front to back (like someone putting a crown on the head)

151
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body from top to bottom

152
Q

past surgical history

A

any of the patient’s past surgeries

153
Q

social history

A

a record of habits like smoking, drinking, drug abuse, and sexual practices that can impact health

154
Q

VS

A

vital signs

155
Q

T

A

temperature

156
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

157
Q

HR

A

heart rate

158
Q

RR

A

respiratory rate

159
Q

Ht

A

height

160
Q

Wt

A

weight

161
Q

BMI

A

body mass index (measurement of body fat based on height and weight)

162
Q

I/O

A

intake/output: the amount of fluids patient has taken in (by IV or mouth) and produced (usually just urine output)

163
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

164
Q

DDx

A

differential diagnosis

165
Q

Tx

A

treatment

166
Q

Rx

A

prescription

167
Q

H&P

A

history and physical

168
Q

Hx

A

history

169
Q

CC

A

chief complain (main reason for the visit)

170
Q

HPI

A

history of present illness (the story of the symptoms)

171
Q

ROS

A

review of systems (anything else not directly related to the chief complaint)

172
Q

PMHx

A

past medical history
other significant past illnesses, like high blood pressure, asthma, or diabetes

173
Q

FHx

A

family history
any significant illnesses that run in the patient’s family

174
Q

NKDA

A

no known drug allergies

175
Q

PE

A

physical exam

176
Q

SOB (SOA)

A

shortness of breath
(shortness of air)

177
Q

HEENT

A

head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

178
Q

PERRLA

A

pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation

179
Q

NAD

A

no acute distress (the patient does not display any intense symptoms)

180
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

181
Q

RRR

A

regular rate and rhythm (description of a normal heart on exam)

182
Q

CTA

A

clear to auscultation (description of normal-sounding lungs)

183
Q

WDWN

A

well developed, well nourished (the patient is growing or has grown appropriately and does not appear to be malnourished)

184
Q

A&O

A

alert and oriented (the patient can answer questions and is aware of what’s going on)

185
Q

WNL

A

within normal limits

186
Q

NOS

A

not otherwise specified
(catch-alls for diagnoses that don’t quite fit any specific cause, Ex: “rash NOS”)

187
Q

NEC

A

not elsewhere classified
(catch-alls for diagnoses that don’t quite fit any specific cause, Ex: “rash NOS”)

188
Q

PO

A

per os (by mouth)

189
Q

NPO

A

nil per pos (nothing by mouth)

190
Q

PR

A

per rectum (anal)

191
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

192
Q

SC

A

subcutaneous (under the skin)

193
Q

IV

A

intravenous

194
Q

CVL

A

central venous line

195
Q

PICC

A

peripherally inserted central catheter

196
Q

Sig

A

label

197
Q

BID

A

twice daily

198
Q

TID

A

three times daily

199
Q

Q

A

every __
Ex: Q4hr = every 4 hours

200
Q

QD

A

daily

201
Q

QID

A

four times daily
(latin - quarter)

202
Q

QHS

A

at night

203
Q

AC

A

before meals

204
Q

PC

A

after meals

205
Q

prn

A

as needed

206
Q

ad lib

A

as desired

207
Q

adip/o, lip/o, steat/o

A

fat
Ex: adipocyte, lipoma, steatosis

208
Q

pil/o, trich/o

A

hair
Ex: piloid, atrichosis

209
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat
Ex: hyperhidrosis, hypohidrosis

210
Q

squam/o

A

scale
Ex: squamous layer
squamous cells result in the scaly appearance of the epidermis

211
Q

onych/o, ungu/o

A

nail
Ex: onychalgia, sunungual

212
Q

seb/o, sebace/o

A

oil
Ex: sebolith, pilosebaceous

213
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden
Ex: onychocryptosis (ingrown, hidden toenail)

214
Q

kerat/o

A

hard, horny
Ex: keratosis, keratoderma

215
Q

xer/o

A

dry
Ex: xeroderma

216
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow
Ex: xanthoderma

217
Q

erythr/o

A

red
Ex: erythroderma

218
Q

leuk/o, alb/o

A

white
Ex: leukoderma, albinism

219
Q

melan/o

A

black
Ex: melanoma

220
Q

macule, macula

A

freckle
small, flat, discolored area

221
Q

patch (vitiligo)

A

larger, flat, discolored area

222
Q

papule

A

small bump (under 1cm)
a small solid mass

223
Q

nodule

A

a solid mass
a bigger bump/papule (over 1cm)

224
Q

plaque

A

a solid mass on the surface of the skin
large and flat bump (like a plateau)

225
Q

tumor

A

a larger solid mass

226
Q

vesicle

A

a smaller blister
small bump filled with clear fluid

227
Q

bulla

A

blister
(larger vesicle)

228
Q

pustule

A

a pus-filled blister/bump

229
Q

abscess

A

a localized collection of pus in the body
(larger pustule)

230
Q

fissure

A

a crack in the skin

231
Q

ulcer

A

a sore

232
Q

anesthetic

A

a drug that temporarily blocks sensation

233
Q

antibiotic

A

a drug that destroys or opposes growth of microorganisms

234
Q

antihistamine

A

a drug that opposes the effects of histamine

235
Q

antipruritic

A

a drug that prevents or relieves itching

236
Q

antiseptic

A

a drug that prevents sepsis (rotting of flesh) by killing microorganisms

237
Q

ABCDE

A

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

238
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

239
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

240
Q

ID

A

intradermal

241
Q

SC/SQ

A

subcutaneous

242
Q

-physis

A

growth
Ex: epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis

243
Q

oste/o

A

bone
Ex: osteopathy, periosteum

244
Q

crani/o

A

head, skull
Ex: craniometer, craniomalacia

245
Q

cervic/o

A

neck
Ex: cervical spine, cervicitis

246
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra
Ex: invertebrate, spondylitis

247
Q

lumb/o

A

loin, lower back
Ex: lumbar, lumbodynia

248
Q

brachi/o

A

arm
Ex: brachiocephalic, brachialgia

249
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger
Ex: adactyly, dactylalgia

250
Q

carp/o

A

wrist
Ex: carpectomy, metacarpal

251
Q

cost/o

A

rib
Ex: costectomy, intercostal

252
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thighbone)
Ex: femoral artery
The femur is the strongest bone in the body

253
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shinbone)
Ex: tibialgia

254
Q

tars/o

A

ankle
Ex: tarsitis, tarsalgia

255
Q

tendons

A

hold muscle to bone

256
Q

ligaments

A

hold bone to bone

257
Q

cartilage

A

surrounds bones at the joints and allow smooth movement among them

258
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage
Ex: chondritis, chondrodynia

259
Q

burs/o

A

bursa
Ex: bursitis, bursectomy
Bursa is a small fluid-filled sac found near the body’s joints that reduce friction and act as cushions

260
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)
Ex: tenodynia, tendolysis, tendinitis

261
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia (fibrous connective tissue that bind muscles together)
Ex: fasciotomy, fasciitis

262
Q

ton/o

A

muscle tone, tension, pressure
Ex: dystonia, tonograph

263
Q

kinesi/o, kinet/o

A

movement, motion

264
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff, bent
Ex: ankylosis, ankylodactyly

265
Q

tax/o

A

arrangement, order, coordination
Ex: ataxia, hypotaxia

266
Q

scoliosis

A

crooked back, abor

267
Q

analgesic

A

a drug that relieves pain

268
Q

antiarthritic

A

a drug that opposes joint inflammation

269
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

a drug that opposes inflammation

270
Q

antipyretic

A

a drug that opposes fever

271
Q

orthotics

A

a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body

272
Q

prosthesis

A

a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function

273
Q

cerebr/o, encephal/o

A

brain
Ex: cerebropathy, cerebrospinal, encephalitis, encephalogram

274
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum
Ex: cerebellar, cerebellitis
(“little brain” controls voluntary movements)

275
Q

lob/o

A

lobe
Ex: lobotomy, lobectomy

276
Q

cephal/o

A

head
Ex: microcephaly, macrocephaly

277
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
Ex: meningitis, meningopathy

278
Q

dur/o

A

dura (tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
Ex: spidural, subdural hematoma

279
Q

gangli/o

A

nerve bundle
Ex: ganglion, gangliitis

280
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow
Ex: myelitis, myelodysplasia

281
Q

esthesi/o

A

feeling, sensation
Ex: anesthesia, hyperesthesia

282
Q

phas/o

A

speech
Ex: aphasia

283
Q

phren/o, pysch/o

A

mind
Ex: phrenetic, psychology

284
Q

somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o

A

sleep
Ex: somnography, insomnia, hypnosis, somnaumbulation

285
Q

gnosi/o

A

know
Ex: agnosia, diagnosis, prognosis

286
Q

-mania

A

excessive desire
Ex: pyromania, kleptomania

287
Q

-phobia

A

excessive fear or sensitivity
Ex: arachnophobia (fear of spiders), triskaidekaphobia (fear of the number 13)

288
Q

-paresis

A

slight or partial paralysis
Ex: hemiparesis

289
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis
Ex: quadriplegia

290
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness
Ex: myasthenia, phonasthenia

291
Q

interical

A

time between seizures

292
Q

postictal

A

time after a seizure

293
Q
A
294
Q

preictal

A

time before a seizure

295
Q

clonus

A

muscle spasm or twitching

296
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain (stroke)

297
Q

stroke

A

loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain

298
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel

299
Q

ischemic stroke

A

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage

300
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

a “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours

301
Q

ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o

A

eye
Ex: oculopathy, ophthalmologists, optometrist

302
Q

lacrim/o, dacry/o

A

tear
Ex: lacrimation, dacryorrhea

303
Q

-opia, -opsia

A

vision condition
Ex: hyperopia, akinetopsia

304
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid
Ex: blepharedema, blepharoplasty

305
Q

corne/o, kerat/o

A

cornea
Ex: corneal transplant, keratitis

306
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva (clear membrane that covers the sclera and lines the eyelids)
Ex: conjunctivitis (pink eye)

307
Q

scler/o

A

sclera (the white of the eye)
Ex: scleritis

307
Q

vitre/o

A

vitreous liquid/vitreous humor (liquid in the eye that helps focus light on the back of the retina)
Ex: vitreous liquid, vitrectomy

308
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body (circle of tissue surrounding the lens)
Ex: cycloplegia

309
Q

retin/o

A

retina
Ex: retinitis, retinoscope

310
Q

ir/o, irid/o

A

iris (colored part of the eye responsible for adjusting the size of the pupil to control the amount of light that enters the eye)
Ex: iritis, iridalgia

311
Q

phac/o, phak/o

A

lens
Ex: phacoscope, phakitis

312
Q

aur/o, ot/o

A

ear
Ex: aural, otoscope

313
Q

acous/o, audi/o

A

sound hearing
Ex: acoustic, audiogram

314
Q

-acusis

A

hearing condition
Ex: hyperacusis, osteoacusis

315
Q

cerumin/o

A

ear wax
Ex: ceruminolysis

316
Q

salping/o

A

eustachian tube
Ex: rhinosalpingitis

317
Q

tympan/o, myring/o

A

eardrum
Ex: tympanostomy, myringotomy

318
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process
Ex: mastoiditis (part of skull protruding behind ear)

319
Q

labyrinth/o

A

labyrinth: inntermost part of the ear containing the cochlea (control hearing) and vestibular system (control balance)
Ex: labyrinthitis

320
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule
Ex: vestibulitis (structures that help regulate balance)

321
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea (spiral, snail shell-shaped tube in the inner ear that contains hearing receptors)
Ex: cochleitis

322
Q

OD

A

right eye

323
Q

OS

A

left eye

324
Q

OU

A

both eyes

325
Q

VA

A

visual activity

326
Q

VF

A

visual field

327
Q

AD

A

right ear

328
Q

AS

A

left ear

329
Q

AU

A

both ears

MED-121 (7 decks)

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