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MED-121 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cells

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2
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

special growth centers in where bones grow (growth plates)

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3
Q

metaphysis

A

where the growth center lies area between the end of the bone and the long shaft of the bone

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4
Q

epiphysis

A

end of the bone

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5
Q

diaphysis

A

long shaft of the bone

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6
Q

-physis

A

growth
Ex: epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis
“Physics” comes from the Greek word “growth”

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

axial

A

the bones in the middle of the skeleton are in the axial part of your skeleton

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9
Q

vertebrae

A

small bones that connect the spinal chord together

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10
Q

4 sections of the spine

A
  1. cervical (neck)
  2. thoracic (chest/upper back)
  3. lumbar and sacral (lower back)
  4. costo (ribs)
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11
Q

cervical spine

A

neck section

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12
Q

thoracic spine

A

chest/upper back section

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13
Q

lumbar and sacral spine

A

lower back

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14
Q

costo spine

A

ribs (attach to the vertebrae at the thoracic section)

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15
Q

oste/o

A

bone
Ex: osteopathy, periosteum

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16
Q

crani/o

A

head, skull
Ex: craniometer, craniomalacia

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17
Q

cervic/o

A

neck
Ex: cervical spine, cervicitis

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18
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra
Ex: invertebrate, spondylitis

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19
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back, loin
Ex: lumbar, lumbodynia

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20
Q

brachi/o

A

arm
Ex: brachiocephalic, brachialgia
(“Brace” - used to refer to armor covering knight’s upper arm)

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21
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger
Ex: adactyly, dactylalgia
(pterodactyl - “winged fingers”

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22
Q

carp/o

A

wrist
Ex: carpectomy, metacarpal, carpal tunnel syndrome (area in the wrist where the nerves enter the hand, repetitive motions using the wrist can cause the nerve to swell, press against the walls of the carpal tunnel, resulting in numbness in the hand)

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23
Q

cost/o

A

rib
Ex: costectomy, intercostal

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24
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thighbone)
Ex: femoral artery
the femur is the strongest bone in the human bone

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25
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shinbone)
Ex: tibiaglia
(the term “tibia” originally meant flute)

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26
Q

tars/o

A

ankle
Ex: tarsitis, tarsalgia
(Latin word “terra” means “earth” because it is the body part touches the terra most)

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27
Q

flexion

A

when a joint bends

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28
Q

extension

A

when a joint straightens

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29
Q

abduction

A

the widening of a joint to move parts away from the body

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30
Q

joints

A

connect muscles to each other

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31
Q

tendons

A

hold muscle to bone

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32
Q

ligaments

A

hold bone to bone

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33
Q

cartilage

A

surrounds bone at the joints and allows smooth movement among them

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34
Q

bursae

A

a bursa is a small fluid-filled sac found near the body’s joints, they refuse friction and act as cushions (come from the Greek word “purse” or “bag”)

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35
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage
Ex: chondritis, chondrodynia
(hypochondriacs - their beliefs come from deep within the rib cage)

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36
Q

burs/o

A

bursa
Ex: bursitis, bursectomy
a bursa is a small fluid-filled sac found near the body’s joints, they refuse friction and act as cushions (come from the Greek word “purse” or “bag”)

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37
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)
Ex: tenodynia, tendolysis, tendinitis

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38
Q

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

A

muscle
Ex: musculoskeletal, myopathy, myositis

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39
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)
Ex: fasciotomy, fasciitis
Fasciae are fibrous connective tissues that bind muscle together

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40
Q

fascia

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles together (thick membrane helps keep muscle together)

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41
Q

ton/o

A

tone, tension
Ex: dystonia, tonograph

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42
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement, motion
Ex: kinesiology, hyperkinesia, akinetopsia (where a pereson can see an object if it is still, but unable to see it if it is moving)

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43
Q

tax/o

A

arrangement, order, coordination
Ex: ataxia, hypotaxia

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44
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff, bent
Ex: ankylosis, ankylodactyly

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45
Q

costalgia
kaws-TAL-jee-ah

A

rib pain
cost (rib)
algia (pain)

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46
Q

metatarsalgia
MET-ah-tar-SAL-jee-ah

A

pain in the bones of the foot
meta (after)
tars (ankle)
algia (pain)

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47
Q

ostalgia
aws-TAL-jee-ah

A

bone pain
ost (bone)
algia (pain)

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48
Q

osteodynia
AWS-tee-oh-DIN-ee-ah

A

bone pain
osteo (bone)
dynia (pain)

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49
Q

spondylodynia
SPAWN-dih-loh-DIN-ee-ah

A

vertebra pain
spondylo (vertebra)
dynia (pain)

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50
Q

tibialgia
TIB-ee-AL-jee-ah

A

tibia (shin) pain
tibi (tibia)
algia (pain)

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51
Q

ankylosis
ANG-kih-LOH-sis

A

joint stiffness
ankyl (stiff)
osis (condition)

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52
Q

arthralgia
ar-THRAL-jee-ah

A

joint pain
arthr (joint)
algia (pain)

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53
Q

arthrodynia
AR-thoh-DIN-ee-ah

A

joint pain
arthro (joint)
dynia (pain)

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54
Q

cervicodynia
SIR-vih-koh-DIN-ee-ah

A

neck pain
cervico (neck)
dynia (pain)

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55
Q

crepitation
krep-ih-TAY-shun

A

a crackling sound heard in joints

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56
Q

genu valgum
JEH-nyoo VAL-gum

A

knock-kneed, knee pointed in

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57
Q

genu varum
JEH-neyoo VAH-rum

A

bowlegged, knee bowed out

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58
Q

bradykinesia
BRAD-ee-kih-NEE-see-ah

A

slow motion
brady (slow)
kinesia (movement)

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59
Q

dyskinesia
DIS-kih-nee-zhee-ah

A

inability to control movement
dys (bad)
kinesia (movement)

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60
Q

dystaxia
dis-TAK-see-ah

A

poor coordination
dys (bad)
taxia (coordination)

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61
Q

dystonia
dis-TOH-nee-ah

A

poor muscle tone
dys (bad)
tonia (muscle tone)

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62
Q

graphospasm
GRAF-oh-spazm

A

writer’s cramp
grapho (write)
spasm (involuntary contraction)

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63
Q

hyperkinesia
HAI-per-kih-NEE-zhee-ah

A

increase in muscle movement or activity
hyper (over)
kinesia (movement)

64
Q

hypertonia
HAI-per-TOH-nee-ah

A

increased muscle tone or tightness
hyper (over)
tonia (muscle tone)

65
Q

hypokinesia
HAI-poh-kih-NEE-zhee-ah

A

decrease in muscle movement or activity
hypo (under)
kinesia (movement)

66
Q

hypotonia
HAI-poh-TOH-nee-ah

A

decrease in muscle tone or tightness
hypo (under)
tonia (muscle tone)

67
Q

myalgia
mai-AL-jee-ah

A

muscle pain
my (muscle)
algia (pain

68
Q

myasthenia
MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah

A

muscle weakness
my (muscle)
asthenia (weakness)

69
Q

myodynia
MAI-oh-DIN-ee-ah

A

muscle pain
myo (muscle)
dynia (pain)

70
Q

myospasm
MAI-oh-spazm

A

muscle spasm
myo (muscle)
spasm (involuntary contraction)

71
Q

tenalgia
te-NAL-jee-ah

A

tendon pain
ten( tendon)
algia (pain)

72
Q

arthrocentesis
AR-throh-sen-TEE-sis

A

puncture of a joint
arthro (joint)
centesis (puncture)

73
Q

arthroscope
AR-throh-SKOHP

A

instrument for looking into a joint
arthro (joint)
scope (instrument to look)

74
Q

arthroscopy
ar-THRAWS-koh-pee

A

procedure of looking into a joint
arthro (joint)
scopy (procedure to look)

75
Q

electromyogram
eh-LEK-troh–MAI-oh-gram

A

a record of the electrical activity of a muscle
electro (electricity)
myo (muscle)
gram (record)

76
Q

electromyography
eh-LEK-troh-mai-AWG-rah-fee

A

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
electro (electricity)
myo (muscle)
graphy (writing procedure)

77
Q

myography
mai-AWG-rah-fee

A

procedure for studying muscles
myo (muscle)
graphy (writing procedure)

78
Q

arthrogram
AR-throh-GRAM

A

visual record of a joint
arthro (joint)
gram (record)

79
Q

arthrography
ar-THRAWG-ra-fee

A

procedure used to examine a joint
arthro (joint)
graphy (writing procedure)

80
Q

computed axial tomography (CAT or CT)

A

imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
axi (axis)
al (pertaining to)
tomo (cut)
graphy (writing procedure)

81
Q

kyphosis
kai-FOH-sis

A

humped back, abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
kyph (bent)
osis (condition)

82
Q

lordosis
lor-DOH-sis

A

sway back, abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
lord (bent backward)
osis (condition)

83
Q

scoliosis
SKOH-lee-OH-sis

A

crooked back, abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoli (crooked)
osis (condition)

84
Q

carpitis
kar-PAI-tis

A

wrist inflammation
carp (wrist)
itis (inflammation)

85
Q

craniomalacia
kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah

A

softening of the skull
cranio (skull)
malacia (softening)

86
Q

exostosis
EK-sos-toh-sis

A

an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
ex (out)
ost (bone)
osis (condition)

87
Q

fracture
FRAK-chur

A

a bone break

88
Q

osteodystrophy
AWS-tee-oh-DIS-troh-fee

A

poor bone development
osteo (bone)
dys (bad)
trophy (nourshment)

89
Q

osteolysis
AWS-tee-awl-ih-sis

A

bone loss
osteo (bone)
lysis (loss)

90
Q

osteonecrosis
AWS-tee-oh-neh-KROH-sis

A

death of bone
osteo (bone)
necr (death)
osis (condition)

91
Q

osteosclerosis
AWS-tee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

A

abnormal hardening of bone
osteo (bone)
scler (hardening)
osis (condition)

92
Q

polydactyly
PAWL-ee-DAK-tih-lee

A

having more than the normal number of fingers or toes
poly (many)
dactyl (fingers)
y (condition)

93
Q

spondylitis
spawn-dih-LAIT-is

A

vertebra inflammation
spondyl (vertebra)
itis (inflammation)

94
Q

spondylomalacia
SPAWN-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shee-ah

A

softening of the vertebra
spondylo (vertebra)
malacia (softening)

95
Q

syndactyly
sin-DAK-tih-lee

A

fusion (webbing) of fingers or toes
syn (together)
dactyl (finger)
y (condition)

96
Q

tarsoptosis
TAR-sawp-TOH-sis

A

flat feet
tarso (ankle)
ptosis (drooping condition)

97
Q

bursolith
BIR-soh-lith

A

a stone in a bursa
burso (bursa)
lith (stone)

98
Q

effusion
ee-FYOO-zhun

A

fluid buildup
ef (out)
fusion (pour)

99
Q

hemarthrosis
hem-ar-THROH-sis

A

blood in a joint
hem (blood)
arthro (joint)
osis (condition)

100
Q

hydrarthrosis
HAI-drar-THROH-sis

A

water (fluid) in a joint
hydr (water)
arthr (joint)
osis (condition)

101
Q

pyarthrosis
PAI-ar-THROH-sis

A

pus in a joint
py (pus)
arthr (joint)
osis (condition)

102
Q

atrophy
A-troh-fee

A

underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue
a (no)
trophy (norishment)

103
Q

hypertrophy
hai-PER-troh-fee

A

overdevelopment of muscle tissue
hyper (over)
trophy (norishment)

104
Q

myocele
MAI-oh-seel

A

hernia of muscle tissue
myo (muscle)
cele (hernia)

105
Q

myolysis
mai-AWL-ih-sis

A

loss of muscle tissue
myo (muscle)
lysis (loss)

106
Q

myomalacia
MAI-oh-mah-LAY-see-ah

A

softening of a muscle
myo (muscle)
malacia (softening)

107
Q

myosclerosis
MAI-oh-skler-OH-sis

A

hardening of a muscle
myo (muscle)
scler (hardening)
osis (condition)

108
Q

myotasis
mai-AWT-ah-sis

A

stretching of a muscle
myo (muscle)
tasis (expansion)

109
Q

myotonia
MAI-oh-TOH-nee-ah

A

muscle tone
myo (muscle)
tonia (tone)

110
Q

ankylosing spondylitis
ANG-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAI-tis

A

a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae
ankylos (stiffen)
ing (causing)
spondyl (vertebra)
itis (inflammation)

111
Q

chonroosteodystrophy
KAWN-droh-AWS-tee-oh-DIS-troh-fee

A

poor development of bones and cartilage
chondro (cartilage)
osteo (bone)
dys (bad)
trophy (nourishment)

112
Q

craniosynostosis
KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-AWS-toh-sis

A

the premature fusing of the skull bones
cranio (skull)
syn (together)
ost (bone)
osis (condition)

113
Q

dactylitis
DAK-tih-LAI-tis

A

finger inflammation
dactyl (finger)
itis (inflammation)

114
Q

hypertrophic spondylitis
HAI-per-TROH-fik spawn-dih-LAI-tis

A

overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
hyper (over)
trophic (nourishment)
spondyl (vertebra)
itis (inflammation)

115
Q

osteitis
AWS-tee-AIT-is

A

bone inflammation
oste (bone)
itis (inflammation)

116
Q

osteochondritis
AWS-tee-oh-KON-DRAIT-is

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage
osteo (bone)
chondr (cartilage)
itis (inflammation)

117
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta
AWS-tee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah

A

a disease in which the bones do no develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease
osteo (bone)
genesis (creation)
im (not)
perfecta (complete)

118
Q

osteomalacia
AWS-tee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah

A

softening of the bone
osteo (bone)
malacia (softening)

119
Q

osteomyelitis
AWS-tee-oh-MAI-eh-LAIT-is

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
osteo (bone)
myel (marrow)
itis (inflammation)

120
Q

osteopathy
AWS-tee-AWP-ah-thee

A

bone disease
osteo (bone)
pathy (disease)

121
Q

osteopenia
AWS-tee-oh-PEE-nee-ah

A

reduction in bone volume
osteo (bone)
penia (deficiency)

122
Q

osteoporosis
AWS-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis

A

loss of bone density
osteo (bone)
por (pore)
osis (condition)o

123
Q

spinal stenosis
SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis

A

abnormal narrowing of the spine
spinal (spine)
sten (narrow)
osis (condition)

124
Q

spondyloarthropathy
SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAWP-ah-thee

A

joint disease of the vertebrae
spondylo (vertebra)
arthro (joint)
pathy (disease)

125
Q

spondylolisthesis
SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis

A

the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra

126
Q

spondylolysis
SPAWN-dih-LOL-ih-sis

A

loss of vertebra structure
spondyl (vertebra)
lysis (loss)

127
Q

spondylosis
SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis

A

vertebra condition
spondyl (vertebra)
osis (condition)

128
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

129
Q

Fx

A

fracture

130
Q

MCL

A

medial collateral ligament

131
Q

LCL

A

lateral collateral ligament

132
Q

PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament

133
Q

C1-C7

A

cervical vertebrae

134
Q

T1-T12

A

thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae

135
Q

L1-L5

A

lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae

136
Q

S1-S5

A

sacral vertebrae

137
Q

DTR

A

deep tendon reflex (what doctors are testing when they tap the knee with a reflex hammer)

138
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

139
Q

FROM

A

full range of motion

140
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

141
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

142
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

143
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

144
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

145
Q

RICE

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation

146
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

147
Q

WB

A

weight bearing

148
Q

WBAT

A

weight bearing as tolerated

149
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

A

commonly used medicine to treat musculoskeletal problems designed to decrease pain (analgesic) and inflammation (anti-inflammatory)
Ex: ibuprofen

150
Q

orthotics
OR-THAWT-iks

A

a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body
ortho (straight)
tics (agent)
Ex: show insert

151
Q

physical therapy

A

patients exercise and stretch in order to heal injuries

152
Q

reduction

A

returning bones to their proper position
closed reduction - without surgery
open reduction - surgically

153
Q

analgesic
AN-al-JEE-zik

A

a drug that relieves pain
an (no)
alge (pain)
sic (agent)

154
Q

antipyretic
ANT-ai-pai-RET-ik

A

a drug that opposes fever
anti (against)
pyre (fever)
tic (agent)

155
Q

prosthesis
praws-THEE-sis

A

a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function
pros (toward)
thesis (place)

MED-121 (7 decks)

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