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Nutrition > Final: Selenium (Se) > Flashcards

Final: Selenium (Se) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Se a component of?

A 
Glutathione peroxidase
(Glutathione itself does NOT contain Se!)
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2
Q

What is glutathione peroxidase and what does it do?

A

Enzyme that protects the cytosol of cells against free radical oxidative damage.

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3
Q

What is Se critical for?

A

thyroid hormone production

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4
Q

What do selenoproteins seem to be important in?

A

Muscle - cardiac and skeletal

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5
Q

What disease does Se deficiency lead to in lambs and calves?

A

White muscle disease (degeneration of muscle)

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6
Q

What 3 free radicals does glutathione peroxidase take care of?

A
  1. Superoxide anion
  2. Hydrogen peroxide
  3. Hydroxyl radical
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7
Q

What is the Se-containing protein that is important for thyroid hormone production?

A

Iodothyronine 5’-deiodinase

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8
Q

What organ is Se incorporated in and how?

A

Liver; into methionine and cysteine

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9
Q

What is the major site for Se absorption and how much is absorbed?

A

duodenum, 90%

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10
Q

How is homeostasis of Se regulated?

A

By controlling urinary excretion of Se.

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11
Q

What happens when dietary Se is in great excess?

A

It is expired in the breath as dimethylselenide

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12
Q

What are dietary sources of Se?

A

Dirt from crops, wheat, fish

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13
Q

What does Se deficiency cause in most species?

A

Infertility and poor growth

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14
Q

How can negative effects of Se deficiency be reduced?

A

By vitamin E supplementation

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15
Q

Symptoms of what other deficiency are often shared with symptoms of Se deficiency?

A

Vit E

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16
Q

What are two diseases associated with Se deficiency in poultry?

A
  1. Exudative diathesis of broilers

2. Pancreatic fibrosis

17
Q

What happens in exudative diathesis of broilers?

A

Generalized edema (begins in breast, wing, and neck)
Due to abnormal permeability of the capillaries
Gives skin a greenish blue discoloration, glistening appearance to underlying muscles
Growth is slow, mortality is high

18
Q

What happens in pancreatic fibrosis of poultry?

A

Atrophy of the pancreas in young chicks

Results in subnormal amts of lipase and trypsin secretion interfering with lipid digestion

19
Q

What Se deficiency does Vitamin E NOT prevent?

A

pancreatic fibrosis

20
Q

What are two diseases associated with Se deficiency in pigs and what other mineral can also cause them?

A
  1. Hepatosis diaetetica
  2. Mulberry heart disease
    Can both also be caused by vitamin E deficiency
21
Q

What happens in hepatosis diaetetica?

A

Growing pigs 3-25 weeks of age; associated with necrotic liver lesions

22
Q

What happens in Mulberry heart disease?

A

3-10 week old pigs; hemorrhagic/necrotic lesions in heart muscle –> red mottled appearance
Leads to reduced heart function and transudation of fluids into serous cavities and circulatory failure

23
Q

What happens in white muscle disease?

A

Necrotic changes in striated muscles
Named for white striations observed in muscles of body (esp. thigh and shoulder)
Lesions bilaterally symmetrical and serum aspartic aminotransferase activity will be elevated

24
Q

What are symptoms in an animal with white muscle disease?

A

Reluctant to stand, unsteady

When lifted and let go he is unable to catch himself

25
Q

What occurs in Se-deficient dairy cows?

A

Retained placenta (sometimes mastitis)

26
Q

What are 3 Se supplements and how well are they absorbed?

A
  1. Sodium selenite (absorption not mentioned)
  2. Sodium selenate decahydrate (absorpbed fairly well, retained only if incorporated into cysteine or methionine)
  3. Selenomethionine (organic form, very well absorbed and retained)
27
Q

What are symptoms of Se toxicity?

A

Hepatic and renal damage, hemorrhagic exudate in lungs, ascites, blindness, stumbling.
Gastroenteritis possible

28
Q

How many mg of Se and Vit E are in 1 ml of BoSe?

A

1 mg Se, 50 mg Vit E

29
Q

How many mg of Se and Vit E are in 1 ml of MuSe?

A

5 mg Se, 50 mg Vit E

30
Q

How many mg of Se and Vit E are in 1 ml of Myosel B?

A

1 mg Se, 50 mg Vit E

31
Q

How many mg of Se and Vit E are in 1 ml of Myosel E?

A

2.5 mg Se, 50 mg Vit E

32
Q

How many mg of Se and Vit E are in 1 ml of Myosel M?

A

5 mg Se, 50 mg Vit E

33
Q

What are 2 diseases caused by Se toxicity in cattle and horses?

A
  1. Blind staggers

2. Alkali disease

34
Q

What happens in blind staggers?

A

ACUTE Se poisoning caused by intake of certain plants such as woody aster, princesplume, and milkvetch.

35
Q

What happens in alkali disease?

A

CHRONIC Se poisoning caused by intake of Se accumulator plants or alkaline soil; leads to lameness, loss of hair, hoof malformations, and emaciation

36
Q

What can cats develop as a result of too much Se and how does this happen?

A

Hyperthyroidism; canned cat foods often contain 20x Se requirement
(Canned foods also high in iodine)

Nutrition (17 decks)

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