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CHEM1110 > FINAL - SECTION 6 > Flashcards

FINAL - SECTION 6 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

How many bonds does a neutral carbon form

A

4

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2
Q

Organic chemistry basic structure

A
  • Each bend or intersection = carbon atom
  • Hydrogen is not drawn if bonded to C, but if it is not bonded to C then draw
  • Every non-C atom drawn
  • Octet + duet rule
  • Draw separate bond from molecules (eg. OH, NH2)
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3
Q

Alkanes

A

Contain only carbon and hydrogen and no double/triple bond

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4
Q

Base names alkanes

A
  1. Methane 1C
  2. Ethane 2C
  3. Propane 3C
  4. Butane 4C
  5. Pentane 5C
  6. Hexane 6C
  7. Heptane 7C
  8. Octane 8C
  9. Nonane 9C
  10. Decane 10C
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5
Q

Primary carbon

A

Bonded to one other carbon

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6
Q

Secondary carbon

A

Bonded to two other carbon

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7
Q

Tertiary carbon

A

Bonded to three other carbon

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8
Q

Quaternary carbon

A

Bonded to four other carbon

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9
Q

Basic rules for naming

A
  • Lowest substituent
  • When 2+ same substituents, use prefix di tri tetra, etc
  • Substituent alphabetical order
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10
Q

Alkane naming format

A

Substituent number - substituent name - base name

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11
Q

Number prefix

A
  • Mono 1
  • Di 2
  • Tri 3
  • Tetra 4
  • Penta 5
  • Hexa 6
  • Hepta 7
  • Octa 8
  • Nona 9
  • Deca 10
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12
Q

Iso prefix

A

When there is a methyl group located on the second carbon of carbon chain

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13
Q

Alkynes

A

Hydrocarbons with TRIPLE BOND (-yne). Give the first carbon of triple bond the lowest number

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14
Q

If there is more than 1 triple or double bond, what do you do with the number

A

Write it in the middle, not the front (eg. hex-2-yne)

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15
Q

Alkenes

A

Hydrocarbons with one or more DOUBLE BOND (-ene)

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16
Q

Which one (alkynes or alkenes) get priority

A

Whichever gets the lowest number, but if it is a tie then alkene gets priority

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17
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Refers to alkynes and alkenes cause fewer H

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18
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons

A

Refers to alkanes cause more H

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19
Q

Diene/triene

A

Alkenes with 2/3 double bonds

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20
Q

Cis isomer

A

If 2 substituents on same side of double bond

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21
Q

Trans isomer

A

If 2 substituents on opposite side of double bond

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22
Q

Aromatic hydrocarbon

A

Rings with C-C double bond (benzene)

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23
Q
  • Phenyl
A

When benzene is attached to 7+ carbons

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24
Q

Alcohols

A

Contain a hydroxyl group (-nol)

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25
Alkali hallides
Halogen binder to carbon (ane). Name from the carbon closest to halogen
26
Aldehyde
Contain carbon double bonded to oxygen at the end and has H (anal)
27
Ketone
Contain carbon double bonded to oxygen within molecule and no H (anone)
28
Carboxylic acid
Contain carbonyl group next to hydroxyl group (anoic acid)
29
Ester
Has 2 oxygen groups. Name one side from double bond oxygen first (anoate)
30
Newman project
Visualize the conformation of chemical bond from front to back
31
Lines of Newman project inside circle
Represents front atom
32
Circle outside the line on Newman project
Represents back atom
33
Syn eclipsed
Least stable (highest energy) (0)
34
Gauche staggered
60 degree
35
Eclipsed
120 degree
36
Antistaggered
Most stable (lowest energy) (180 degree)
37
Cycloalkane
Alkane ring
38
Draw cyclohexane chair
ok
39
Isomer
Compounds with same molecular formula but different connectivity or different arrangement in space
40
Constitutional isomer
Same molecular forma, different connectivity (variety in the shape)
41
Chirality
No mirror image. IDENTIFY CARBON ATTACHED TO 3 OR 4 DIFFERENT SUBSTITUENT for chiral carbons
42
Achirality
Has mirror image
43
MESO compound
Chiral carbons but have a plane of symmetry
44
Stereoisomer
Same molecular formula but different location of atoms in space (2^n, n is the chiral center and represents how many stereoisomer)
45
Enantiomer
Same shape but solid line and wedges are swapped
46
Diasteriosmer
Shape shape but just at least ONE of the solid or dash
47
Mirror method
Flip 1 to 1
48
Wedge/dash method
Change solid to dash, dash to solid
49
R
Clockwise spin (spin from highest priority AKA 1, go from highest atomic number)
50
S
Counterclockwise spin (spin from highest priority AKA 1, go from highest atomic number)
51
R & S result
Enantiomer
52
S & S result
Identical
53
R & R result
identical
54
Z
if 2 groups of high priority at the end of double bond on same side of molecule
55
E
if 2 groups of high priority at the end of double bond on opposite end of molecule
56
Nucleophile
Electron rich (has electrons to donate)
57
Electrophil
Electron poor ( accepts electrons)
58
Leaving group
Usually anion
59
Sn1
- Weak nucleophile - 3 degree > 2 degree - Polar protic solvent (H2O, ROH)
60
Sn2
- Strong nucleophile - 1 degree > 2 degree - Polar aprotic solvent (acetone, DMF)
61
Polar protic solvent
H that binds to O, S, N
62
Polar aprotic solvent
Not able to form hydrogen bonds cause no hydrogen bonded to electronegative atom
63
Rate law for Sn1
First order (doubles) and k[subtrate] only cause not dependant on nucleophile concentration (carbocation)
64
Rate law for Sn2
Depends on both substrate and nucleophile concentration (back side attack) k[nucleophile][substrate]

CHEM1110 (18 decks)

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