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Final Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Normal QRS Axis

A

Positive I

Positive avF

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2
Q

Left QRS Axis

A

Positive I

Negative avF

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3
Q

Right QRS Axis

A

Negative I

Positive avF

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4
Q

How to diagnose Primary HTN

A

> 140/90

Three separate appointments

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5
Q

Best HTN Drug for patients with osteoporosis

A

Thiazide Diuretics

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6
Q

Which HTN Medications are safe in pregnancy?

A

Beta Blockers

Hydralazine

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7
Q

Best HTN Drug for patients with CHF / CAD / A Fib

A

Beta Blocker

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8
Q

Which HTN drug is preferred in Diabetes?

A

ACE inhibitor

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9
Q

Side Effects of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypomagnesemia

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10
Q

Side Effects of Beta Blocker

A 
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Depression
Sedation
Masks Hypoglycemia`
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11
Q

Side Effects of Ace Inhibitors

A 
ARF
Hyperkalemia
Dry Cough 
Angioedema
Rash
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12
Q

Side effects of CCB

A

Dihydro Edema

Nondh Heart Block

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13
Q

BP Target at different Age Groups

A

<60 140/90

>60 150/90

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14
Q

HTN initial Monotherapy drugs

A

Thiazides
CCB
ACEi

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15
Q

Define Hypertensive Urgency

A

> 180/120

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16
Q

Hypertensive Urgency Treatment

A

IV Nitroprusside
Nitroglycerin
Labetalol
Nicardipine

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17
Q

Which medication is contraindicated in Renal Artery Stenosis

A

ACEi

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18
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drugs in DM

A

Thiazide

Beta Blocker

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19
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drugs in CHF

A

CCB

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20
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drug in Asthma/COPD

A

Nonselective Beta Blocker

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21
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drug in Pregnancy

A

Thiazide
ACEi
ARB

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22
Q

Contraindicated HTN Drug in Depression

A

Beta Blocker

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23
Q

Lateral Infarction ECG Changes in which leads?

A

avL
V4-6
I

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24
Q

Inferior Infarction ECG Changes in which leads?

A

II,III

avF

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25
Q

Dressler Syndrome

A

Fever
Pericarditis
Increased ESR
2-8 Weeks Post MI

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26
Q

ECG Progressive PR Lengthening

A

Mobitz I

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27
Q

ECG Randomly skipped QRS

A

Mobitz II

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28
Q

ECG No relation between QRS and P

A

Complete heart block

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29
Q

ECG Variable Morphology of P waves

A

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

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30
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Genetic Inheritance

A

Autosomal Dominant

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31
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopahty

A

Sarcoidosis

Amyloidosis

32
Q

Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic

33
Q

Most common type of Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated

90%

34
Q

Aortic Stenosis Murmur

A

Systolic Crescendo Decrescendo

35
Q

Mitral Regurgitation Murmur

A

Holosystolic

36
Q

Aortic Regurgitation Murmur

A

Diastolic Decrescendo

37
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

Diastolic Rumble

38
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse Murmur

A

Early to Late diastolic Click

39
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation Murmur

A

Holosystolic Murmur in Left Lower Sternal Border

40
Q

Which microorganism causes Acute Rheumatic Fever

A

Group A Strep

41
Q

Major Criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever:

A

J<3NES

Joints / Heart / Nodules / Erythema / Sydenham Chorea

42
Q

Minor Criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever:

A

PEACE

Previous / ECG PR Prolonged / Arthralgia / CRP Elevated / Elevated Temp

43
Q

How can you diagnose Rheumatic Disease

A

Two Major

1 Major 2 Minor

44
Q

Pain that lessens with leaning forward is a characteristic of ?

A

Acute Pericarditis

45
Q

What characteristic presentations are found in Acute Pericarditis

A 
Pain Relieved When leaning forward
Friction Rub (Best heard when leaning forward)
46
Q

ECG Findings Acute Pericarditis

A

ST Elevation

PR Depression

47
Q

Treatment of Acute Pericarditis

A

PCCentesis
NSAID
Colchicine to prevent reccurence

48
Q

Chronic Constructive Pericarditis Characteristic feature:

A

Equal pressure in all chambers

49
Q

What Causes Chronic Constrictive PC

A

Radiation

Heart Surgery

50
Q

Cardiac Tamponade Treatment

A

Immediate PCCentesis

51
Q

Stanford A AD

A

Aortic Dissection Involving ascending Aorta

52
Q

Stanford B AD

A

Distal to left sc artery

53
Q

Which Aorta Diameter is considered Aneurysmal?

A

1.5-2.5 is normal

Double this value is

54
Q

Most common Pneumonia in children

A

Viral Pneumonia

Non Productive cough

55
Q

Most common Pneumonia in adults

A

Strep Pneumonia

Productive cough`

56
Q

Most common Pneumonia organism in alcoholics

A

K.Pneumonia

Currant Jelly Sputum

57
Q

CAP Treatment

A

Azithromycin or Doxycyclin

58
Q

First Line Asthma Exacerbation

59
Q

Emphysema Treatment

A

Smoking cessation

Supplemental Oxygen

60
Q

Main presentation of Bronchiectasis

A

Copious Amount of sputum

61
Q

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Chest X-Ray and CT characteristic appearance

A

CXR Honeycomb

CT Ground Glass

62
Q

What does a PFT characterize IPF into?

A

Restrictive Lung Disease

63
Q

Noncaseating granulomas with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is a ccc of ?

A

Sarcoidosis

64
Q

Sarcoidosis Treatment

A

Self Resolving

Corticosteroids in chronic cases

65
Q

How can you diagnose GPA (Wegener)

A

C-Anca

Noncaseating Granuloma

66
Q

Acetaminophen Toxicity causes

A

Hepatic Insufficiency / Failure

67
Q

Benzodiazepines Overdose symptoms

A

Respiratory Depression

68
Q

B-Blockers Overdose

A

Hypoglycemia
Bradycardia
Hypotension

69
Q

CCB Overdose

A

Euglycemic
Bradycardia
Hypotension

70
Q

Cocaine Overdose

A

Coronary Vasospasm (MI)
Agitation
Tachycardia

71
Q

Opioids Overdose

A

Pinpoint Pupil

Respiratory Depression

72
Q

Salicylates Overdose

A

Metabolic Acidosis

73
Q

TCA Overdose

A

QRS Widening

Torsades de Pointes

74
Q

Organophosphates

A

Diarrhea
Urination
Bradycardia
Salivation

75
Q

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Treatment

A

100% O2

Hyperbaric O2

Medicine Final (7 decks)

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