Final Review-Test 3 Flashcards
Alleles are described as ______
alternate versions of a gene
A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seeds. The seeds of all of the offspring are yellow. Why?
the yellow allele is dominant to the green allele
According to Mendel’s law of segregation, ______.
gametes have 1copy of each allele
abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ______.
nondisjunction
DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers.
nucleotide
The backbone of DNA consists of ______.
a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA.
uracil…. thymine
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?
30%
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.
thymine….. cytosine
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
CAGGTA
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
watson and crick
What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
hydrogen
After replication, ______.
ach new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
During replication, ______ are the enzymes responsible for joining the nucleotides of a new DNA strand together.
DNA polymerases
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
3
Transcription is the ______.
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______.
Single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
The correct sequence of events occurring during transcription is ______.
initiation, elongation, termination
The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ______.
exons
Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______.
RNA….. polypeptide
The mRNA codon UCA codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ______.
AGU
Peptide bonds form between ______
amino acids
A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ______.
result in a polypeptide chain
What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?
one
Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an RrYy and an rryy individual?
1:1:1:1
An individual with the genotype AaBb produces four different gametes in equal proportions. This is a demonstration of ______.
mendels law of independent assortment
A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be male?
50%
An individual heterozygous for cystic fibrosis ______.
is a carrier
Which of the following techniques is used to collect fetal cells during pregnancy for genetic testing?
aminiocentesis
Marfan syndrome is the result of inheriting a single allele. Individuals with Marfan syndrome are tall and long-limbed, and have both cardiovascular and eye defects. The inheritance of Marfan syndrome is an example of ______.
pleiotropy
______ genes violate Mendel’s principle of independent assortment.
Linked
Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called ______.
autosomes
Chromatin consists of ______
DNA and protein
Sister chromatids are joined at the ______.
centromere
What happens during interphase?
chromosome duplication
what occurs during prophase?
the mitotic spindle starts to form
Which of the following is a stage of mitosis?
telophase
The correct sequence of stages of mitosis is ______.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
During metaphase…..
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
what occurs during anaphase?
sister chromatids separate
During telophase
the events of prophase are reversed
Cytokinesis typically occurs during the ______ stage of mitosis.
telophase
How many autosomes do humans have?
44
How much genetic material is present in the parent cell, during prophase I, compared to a daughter cell that has completed meiosis II?
four times as much
During metaphase I,
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does not occur in prophase II?
crossing over occurs
Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ______.
promoter
What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?
DNA packing and unpacking
Introns are ______.
noncoding DNA sequences
What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?
oncogene
Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?
DNA that carries genes from 2 different sources
“Sticky ends” are produced as a result of the action of ______.
a restriction enzyme
Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.
gel electrophoresis
A DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with another DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads ______.
TAAGC
Of the following, which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?
using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments
You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?
you can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis.
what can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?
plasmids
Many proto-oncogenes regulate ____
cell division
____ is(are) responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen.
tobacco
