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USU 1350 > Final Review-Test 3 > Flashcards

Final Review-Test 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Alleles are described as ______

A

alternate versions of a gene

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2
Q

A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seeds. The seeds of all of the offspring are yellow. Why?

A

the yellow allele is dominant to the green allele

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3
Q

According to Mendel’s law of segregation, ______.

A

gametes have 1copy of each allele

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4
Q

abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from ______.

A

nondisjunction

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5
Q

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers.

A

nucleotide

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6
Q

The backbone of DNA consists of ______.

A

a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern

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7
Q

RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA.

A

uracil…. thymine

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8
Q

If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?

A

30%

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9
Q

In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.

A

thymine….. cytosine

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10
Q

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?

A

CAGGTA

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11
Q

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

A

watson and crick

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12
Q

What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?

A

hydrogen

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13
Q

After replication, ______.

A

ach new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand

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14
Q

During replication, ______ are the enzymes responsible for joining the nucleotides of a new DNA strand together.

A

DNA polymerases

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15
Q

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

A

3

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16
Q

Transcription is the ______.

A

manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA

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17
Q

If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______.

A

Single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG

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18
Q

The correct sequence of events occurring during transcription is ______.

A

initiation, elongation, termination

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19
Q

The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ______.

A

exons

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20
Q

Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______.

A

RNA….. polypeptide

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21
Q

The mRNA codon UCA codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ______.

A

AGU

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22
Q

Peptide bonds form between ______

A

amino acids

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23
Q

A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ______.

A

result in a polypeptide chain

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24
Q

What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?

A

one

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25
Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an RrYy and an rryy individual?
1:1:1:1
26
An individual with the genotype AaBb produces four different gametes in equal proportions. This is a demonstration of ______.
mendels law of independent assortment
27
A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be male?
50%
28
An individual heterozygous for cystic fibrosis ______.
is a carrier
29
Which of the following techniques is used to collect fetal cells during pregnancy for genetic testing?
aminiocentesis
30
Marfan syndrome is the result of inheriting a single allele. Individuals with Marfan syndrome are tall and long-limbed, and have both cardiovascular and eye defects. The inheritance of Marfan syndrome is an example of ______.
pleiotropy
31
______ genes violate Mendel's principle of independent assortment.
Linked
32
Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called ______.
autosomes
33
Chromatin consists of ______
DNA and protein
34
Sister chromatids are joined at the ______.
centromere
35
What happens during interphase?
chromosome duplication
36
what occurs during prophase?
the mitotic spindle starts to form
37
Which of the following is a stage of mitosis?
telophase
38
The correct sequence of stages of mitosis is ______.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
39
During metaphase.....
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
40
what occurs during anaphase?
sister chromatids separate
41
During telophase
the events of prophase are reversed
42
Cytokinesis typically occurs during the ______ stage of mitosis.
telophase
43
How many autosomes do humans have?
44
44
How much genetic material is present in the parent cell, during prophase I, compared to a daughter cell that has completed meiosis II?
four times as much
45
During metaphase I,
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
46
Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does not occur in prophase II?
crossing over occurs
47
Which of the following is the best description of the events of anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles.
48
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ______.
promoter
49
What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?
DNA packing and unpacking
50
Introns are ______.
noncoding DNA sequences
51
What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?
oncogene
52
Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?
DNA that carries genes from 2 different sources
53
"Sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of ______.
a restriction enzyme
54
Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.
gel electrophoresis
55
A DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with another DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads ______.
TAAGC
56
Of the following, which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?
using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments
57
You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?
you can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis.
58
what can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?
plasmids
59
Many proto-oncogenes regulate ____
cell division
60
____ is(are) responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen.
tobacco

USU 1350 (12 decks)

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