Final Review-Test 2 Flashcards
______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.
phospholipids
The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.
chromatin
What name is given to the organelle that manufactures the components of ribosomes?
nucleolus
Where does protein synthesis take place?
on ribosomes
A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____.
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes are responsible for ______.
digestion of organic matter inside the cell
Vacuoles are ______.
membraneous sacs
A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ______.
in fresh water
In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons
central vacuoles
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______
cell wall and central vacuole
Usually, enzymes are ______.
proteins
The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.
metabolism
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______.
decreasing activation energy
An enzyme’s function is dependent on its ______
3d shape
The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site.
active
Diffusion is an example of ______.
passive transport
Diffusion ______
proceeds until equilibrium is reached
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ______ and moves a substance ______ its concentration gradient.
transport proteins . . . down
A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______.
isotonic to its enviroment
Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ______.
is hypotonic to the protozoan
If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis (burst), whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?
the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall
In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______
become turgid
Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
active transport
The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ______.
phagocytosis
he energy stored in food ultimately comes from ______.
the sun
Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the outside air. Cellular respiration ______.
produces ATP
what is produced during cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide, water, ATP
During redox reactions, ______.
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron acceptor molecules. Which of the following is a true statement about this process?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water.
The first electron acceptor of cellular respiration is ______.
NAD+
The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ______.
oxygen
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport
A product of glycolysis is ______.
pyruvic acid
What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?
acetyl CoA
Electron transport takes place in the ______.
mitocondria
Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ______ ATP from one glucose.
38
Anaerobic respiration produces a net gain of ______ ATP per glucose.
2
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?
glycolysis
A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______.
the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise
Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by _____.
taking carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbs)
What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?
thylakoids
In photosynthesis, ____ is oxidized and the high energy electrons are carried to the Calvin Cycle by _____. (Molecular formulas were not abled to be subscripted in the answers; H2O= Water; O2= Oxygen; CO2= Carbon dioxide; C6H1206=Glucose)
H2o…. NADPH
The Calvin cycle requires ______ and ______ from the light-dependent reactions in order to operate.
ATP…. NADPH
The light reactions of photosynthesis take place where
in the thylakoid membrane
The Calvin cycle makes direct use of ______ to make ______.
CO2, ATP, and NADPH . . . sugar
C4 plants conserve water by ______.
keeping their stomata closed when the weather is hot and dry
CAM plants conserve water by ______.
opening their stomata only at night
How many times must the Calvin cycle turn for the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of glucose?
6
