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Exotics > FINAL REVIEW > Flashcards

FINAL REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

What is the preferred IM site for ferrets?

A

Semimembranous or quadriceps

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2
Q

What is the preferred site for IP injections in ferrets?

A

Lower abdomen

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3
Q

What is the normal temperature range in a ferret?

A

100-104

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4
Q

What is the normal heart rate in ferrets?

A

180-250

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5
Q

What is gestation length in a ferret?

A

41-44 days

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6
Q

What is the natural breeding season for ferrets?

A

March - August

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7
Q

What is the preferred venipuncture site in ferrets?

A

Cranial vena cava

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8
Q

What is the best way to obtain urine from a ferret?

A

Cysto under anesthesia

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9
Q

What type of tube is used to intubate ferrets?

A

Uncuffed

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10
Q

What disease in ferrets are caused by parvovirus?

A

Aleutian disease

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11
Q

What is the most serious bacterial disease in ferrets?

A

Desulfovibrio

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12
Q

What is the causitive agent for proliferative bowl disease in ferrets?

A

Desulfovibrio (campylobacter-like bacteria)

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13
Q

What is the normal temperature for guinea pigs?

A

99-103.1

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14
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a guinea pig?

A

240-310

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15
Q

What is the gestation length for guinea pigs?

A

57-72 days

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16
Q

Where is the thymus located on guinea pigs?

A

SQ on either side of trachea

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17
Q

What type of uterus do guinea pigs have?

A

Bicornuate uterus, each horn has its own cervix

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18
Q

What is the most common bacterial disease of guinea pigs?

A

Pnuemonia

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19
Q

What antibiotic is toxic to guinea pigs?

A

Streptomycin

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20
Q

What type of bacteria are guinea pigs sensitive to?

A

Gram +

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21
Q

What antibiotics are less sensitive to guinea pigs?

A

Chloramphenicol, sulfas and tetracycline

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22
Q

What is the normal temperature for hamsters?

A

98.6-100.4

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23
Q

What is the normal heart rate for hamsters?

A

150-600

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24
Q

What is the gestation length for hamsters?

A

15-16 days

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25
Q

Paired sebaceous glands found in the skin over the flanks

A

Costovertebral glands

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26
Q

Hamster stomachs are divided into what two compartments?

A

Nonglandular forestomach

Glandular hindstomach

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27
Q

What is the most common disease in hamsters?

A

Proliferitive ileitis

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28
Q

What viral disease can be transmitted from hamsters to humans?

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

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29
Q

What is the most common cause of death in aged hamsters?

A

Amyloidosis

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30
Q

Are gerbils or hamsters nocturnal?

A

Hamsters are nocturnal, gerbils are not

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31
Q

What disease in gerbils is associated with staph, also known as stress induced chromodacryorrhea?

A

Nasal Dermatitis or red nose

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32
Q

What organs do snakes lack?

A

Eyelids, external ear openings and urinary bladder

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33
Q

How often are snakes fed?

A

Once every 1-2 weeks

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34
Q

How often do snakes and lizards shed their skin?

A

4-8 times a year

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35
Q

Metabolic Bone disease is most common in what reptiles?

A

Young, rapidly growing reptiles

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36
Q

Metabolic bone disease is more commonly seen in what reptile species?

A

Iguanas

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37
Q

Infectious or Ulcerative stomatitis is also known as what?

A

Mouth rot

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38
Q

What is the first sign of blister disease in reptiles?

A

Pink-ish red ventral scales

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39
Q

Disease in reptiles most associated with filthy living conditions

A

Blister disease

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40
Q

Where should injections be given in reptiles?

A

Cranial half of the animal (epaxial and forelimb muslces)

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41
Q

It is imperative to refrain from giving nephrotoxic drugs where in reptiles?

A

Caudal third of the body

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42
Q

Are liquids or tablets preferred oral medications for reptiles?

A

Liquids

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43
Q

Where can blood sampling be taken for a snake?

A

Caudal or coccygeal vein of the tail, cardiocentesis, ventral abdominal vein, palatine vein

44
Q

Where are the blood sampling sites for lizards?

A

Caudal tail vein, cardiocentesis, ventral abdominal vein; small lizards- peribulbar & retrobulbar plexuses

45
Q

Where are the blood sampling sites for turtles?

A

Large jugular vein; large turtles & tortoises- occipital sinus or caudal tail vein

46
Q

What third radiographic view should be taken for turtles?

A

Frontal or rostral view of lung fields

47
Q

What amphibians are notorious for impactions or gastric overload?

A

Horned frogs

48
Q

What causes red leg syndrome?

A

Multiple bacteria or abundance of one

49
Q

Ventral and digital erythema are indicative of what disease in amphibians?

A

Red leg syndrome

50
Q

Disease of the integumentary system due to dermal wounds?

A

Mycobacterium

51
Q

What temperature should food be when tube fed to birds?

A

Lower temperatures than the bird

Food should be between 98-101 if the bird is 102-104

52
Q

What is the most common place for blood feather breakage?

A

On the wing

53
Q

What is the only acceptable method for NHP euthanasia?

A

Injectable barbituate overdose

54
Q

What are the acceptable euthanasia methods for fish and amphibians?

A

Tricane methanesulfonate and Benzocaine

55
Q

What species is the only member of the genus Oryctolagus?

A

Domestic rabbit

56
Q

What type of dentition do rabbits have?

A

Hypsodont

57
Q

Rabbits have a second pair of upper incisors known as what?

A

Peg teeth or wolf teeth

58
Q

What is the normal body temp for a rabbit?

A

101.3-104

59
Q

What is the first animal model of artherosclerosis?

A

Rabbits

60
Q

Pasteurella multicoda, ie. torticollis, is also known as what in rabbits?

A

Wry Neck

61
Q

Pasteurellosis in rabbits is causitive to what disease in rabbits?

A

Snuffles

62
Q

What is the causitive agent for Tyzzer’s disease in rabbits?

A

B. piliformis

63
Q

What is the most common form of mastitis in rabbits?

A

Staphylococcus

64
Q

Transplantally transmitted disease in rabbits also known as Vent Disease or Spirochetosis?

A

Treponematosis

65
Q

Francisella tularensis is also known as what in rabbits?

A

Rabbit fever or Tularemia

66
Q

How is Tularemia transmitted in rabbits?

A

Bites or direct contact

67
Q

California brush rabbits are the reservoir for what disease?

A

Myxomatosis

68
Q

What disease in rabbits is typically seen in rabbits older than 2 months of age?

A

Myxomatosis

69
Q

What Rotavirus is normally seen in rabbits?

A

Type A

70
Q

Rotavirus is secondary to what?

A

E. coli and Clostridium

71
Q

What viral disease in rabbits is believed to be caused by parvovirus or calcivirus?

A

Viral hemorrhagic disease

72
Q

What is the most common ringworm in rabbits?

A

Tricophyton mentagrophytes

73
Q

What nematode in rabbits is responsible for Visceral Larval Migrans?

A

Baylisascaris procynosis

74
Q

Passalurus ambiguus is responsible for what in rabbits?

A

Pinworm

75
Q

Hereditary condition seen in NZW, presents with corneal opacity and ulceration

A

Bupthalmia

76
Q

Husbandry disease of rabbits resulting from ingested hair during normal grooming

A

Trichobezoars

77
Q

What medications should never be used in rabbits?

A

PLACE and Fipronil

(Penicillin, Lincomycin, Amoxicillin, Cephalosporin, Erythromycin)

78
Q

Where are male bird testes located?

A

Between lungs and kidneys

79
Q

What ovary is functional in birds?

A

Left

80
Q

What avian disease is zoonotic and may cause Psittacosis in humans?

A

Avian Chlamydiosis

81
Q

Avian disease that is a nonenveloped virus that primarily infects young birds and causes acute death in psittacines

A

Polyomavirus (Budgerigar Fledgling disease) BFD

82
Q

Upon necropsy of an avian intracellular inclusion bodies are indicative of what disease?

A

Polyomavirus

83
Q

What drugs should never be given to avians via injection to the legs?

A

Nephrotoxic drugs (Aminoglycosides)

84
Q

What jugular vein is preferred in avians for blood draw?

A

Right jugular

85
Q

Crop wash permits what in avians?

A

Exam of upper GI tract

86
Q

Rostral coanal culture is used for what in avians?

A

URI

87
Q

What is the most primitive NHP?

A

Prosimii

88
Q

What NHP do not typically have prehensile tails?

A

New World Primates

89
Q

What NHP have prehensile tails?

A

Old World Primates

90
Q

Nasal orifices are relatively close together and open downward in what primates?

A

Old World Primates

91
Q

Cheek pouches are always absent in what primates?

A

New World Primates

92
Q

Ischial callosities are absent in which primates?

A

New World Primates

93
Q

How many teeth do OWP have?

A

32

94
Q

How many teeth do NWP have?

A

36

95
Q

What primates have flat skulls with prominent brow ridges, narrow nasal septa and elongated nares?

A

OWPs

96
Q

What primates have round skulls with no brow ridges, broad nasal septum and oval nares?

A

NWPs

97
Q

How much later do male primates mature than females?

A

A year or so later

98
Q

Fresh fruits and veggies should not make up more than how much of primates diet?

A

No more than 25%

99
Q

What is the most common cause of diarrhea in NHPs?

A

Shigella flexneri

100
Q

Campylobacteriosis is most commonly seen in what primates?

A

OWPs

101
Q

What is the most common respiratory disease in primates?

A

Tuberculosis

102
Q

Where are TB tests usually performed?

A

Intradermal using the upper eyelid

103
Q

What is the most significant herpesvirus of concern in NHP colonies?

A

Herpesvirus simiae (Herpes virus B)

104
Q

What is the most common hepatitis virus in primates?

A

Hepatitis A

105
Q

Caused by a human paramyxovirus known as rubeola

A

Measles

106
Q

What primates are more susceptible to measles?

A

OWPs

107
Q

What disease in primates may develop into fatal gastroenteritis?

A

Measels

Exotics (5 decks)

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