Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 R’s of responsible animal use?
Reducing the number used
Refining techniques
Replacement of animals w/ alternatives
How often does IACUC perform inspections?
Every 6 months
Organization responsible for all apsects of animal use, education, health, and compliance with all laws and regulations
IACUC
(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)
Organization authorized by law to enforce the AWA; requires facilities to keep accurate records.
USDA
An agency of the USDA responsible for inspections of facilities, must occur annually
APHIS
(Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service)
An agency of the USDA, has authority to enforce penalties for violations of the AWA
REAC
Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care
Primary reference on animal care and use. Created under ILAR (Institute for Lab Animal Research)
“The Guide”
(The Guide for Care and Use of Labratory Animals)
Cat food at what protein percent can be fed to ferrets?
At least 30%
What type of estrus cycle do ferrets have?
Seasonally polyestrus/induced ovulators
What is responsible for the strong scent in ferrets?
Sebaceous glands at the base of the hair follicle
True or false
Descenting ferrets is not necessary, they can just be sterilized to control the strong odor
True
Why are ferrets prone to heat stress?
No sweat glands
How much do ferrets sleep?
15-20 hours a day
Ferrets need food with fat content of 18-20%, what can be used for supplemental fat?
Linotone
True or false
Ferrets need high carbohydrates and high fiber
FALSE
They need LOW carb/fiber diets
How often can ferrets be bathed?
No more than once a month
What is the most common disease and cause of death in old ferrets?
Neoplasia
If a ferret presents with anorexia what should be suspected?
GI obstruction
If a ferret presents with depression/moribund, what should be suspected?
Hypoglycemia
What infectious diseases are ferrets susceptible to?
Human Influenza
Rabies
Canine Distemper
True or False
A ferret will recover influenza on his own within 5-10 days
True
True or False
A nonvaccinated ferret will not survive K9 distemper
True
Intestinal parasites are common to ferrets except _______
Coccidia
Ferrets should be vaccinated for canine distemper with 1 ml at what ages?
8, 11, 14 weeks with an annual booster
True or False
Ferrets are susceptible to Feline Panleukopenia Virus
False
What vein is preferred for ferret blood draws?
Cranial vena cava
What is the most serious bacterial disease in ferrets? Also the causitive agent for proliferative bowel disease
Desulfovibrio (Campylobacter-like)
Most common guinea pig breed, smooth, short hair.
English Guinea Pig
Breed of Guinea pig with long, fine hair
Peruvian guinea pig
Breed of guinea pig with short, coarse hair that grows in whorls
Abyssinian
What is the most common bacterial disease of guinea pigs?
Pneumonia
What disease are guinea pigs susceptible to if they are housed close to rabbits?
Bordetella Bronchiseptica pneumonia
Neurological signs in a guinea pigs such as head tilt due to inner and middle ear infections can be associated with what?
Pneumonia
“Lumps”, enlargement/abscessation of head and neck lymph nodes, pleuritis, myocarditis, and otitis are associated with what disease in guinea pigs?
Cervical Lymphadenitis
What antibiotic is toxic to guinea pigs and can never be used?
Streptomycin
Guinea pigs are particularly sensitive to antibiotics that target gram + or gram - ?
Gram +
Penicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, bacitracin
What three antibiotics cause less problems in guinea pigs?
Sulfas, chloramphenicol, tetracycline
Diets low in Mg and K can lead to calcium deposits causing what disease in guinea pigs?
Metastatic mineralization
What disease can occur in guinea pigs if they have a deficiency in vitamin E and/or selenium?
Muscular dystrophy
Disease in guinea pigs caused by vitamin C deficiency and causing bleeding from the gums, inappetance, swollen and painful joints and ribs
Scurvy
In order to avoid dystocia complications, when must guinea pigs be bred?
Before 6 months old
Disease in guinea pigs that often occurs in stressed, fasted, overweight guinea pig sows in first or second pregnancy in the last 2 weeks of gestation
Pregnancy Toxemia
True or False
Guinea pigs recquire sedation for blood draws
True
True or False
Guinea pigs are born fully haired with eyes open and are ready to eat solid food within a few hours after birth
True
True or False
Due to guinea pigs size, smaller gauge needles are necessary
FALSE
Larger due to tough skin
True or False
Parasitic infection rarely causes disease unless guinea pigs are stressed
True
True or false
It only requires one person to administer an IM injection to a ferret
False
At least 2
What are the most common neoplasms of ferrets?
Adrenocorticol tumors, insulinoma, malignant lymphoma
What species breed as monogamous pairs can be left together for life?
Gerbils
True or False
Hamster food should be placed directly on the cage floor
True
Hamsters have costovertebral glands and gerbils have ventral sebaceous glands used for what?
Territory marking and mating behavior
What two compartments are hamsters stomachs split into?
Non-glandulary forestomach
Glandular hindstomach
Hamster housing needs to be at least ___ inches high
Six
What is the temperature and humidity needed for hamsters?
65-70 degrees
50-60% humidity
Hamsters need at least __% crude protein
16%
What is the most common disease in hamsters?
Sudden diarrhea
ie. Proliferative ileitis (Wet tail)
Ventral disease transmitted from hamsters to humans, acquired from the wild rodent population.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
Most common cause of death in aged hamsters?
Amyloidosis
What antibiotis should never be used in hamsters?
Streptomycin/dihydrostreptomycin
What antibiotics can be used in rodents?
Tetracycline
What meds can be given to hamsters for anesthesia?
Ketamine, Pentobarbital, Thiamylal
Isoflurane
Disease common in gerbils associated with Staph but related to stress, common in juveniles
Nasal Dermatitis
